用多个看似正常的技能组合发动隐蔽攻击,突破现有安全检测。
ColluSkill: Adversarial Cross-Skill Composition for Evading Agent Skill Scanners

- 将恶意任务拆分为多个独立技能,通过上下文依赖触发协同攻击。
- 在六种扫描器下平均攻击成功率96.0%,远超单技能攻击。
- 适合研究智能体安全、防御链式攻击的开发者和安全研究人员。
大型语言模型驱动的智能体系统中,技能已成为重要攻击面。通过对现有技能扫描器的实证研究发现,当前防御主要关注单个技能,对跨技能组合的风险缺乏足够审视。这导致一个实际盲点:多个局部合规的技能组合后可能形成有害工作流。为此,我们提出ColluSkill——一种共谋式多技能链攻击框架,将完整恶意意图分解为嵌入独立包装技能中的相互依赖子载荷。攻击不依赖单一恶意技能,而是通过上下文依赖、产物传递与执行交接,有序组合本地合理行为而涌现。ColluSkill结合基于LLM的链式规划与扫描器反馈优化,保持链级攻击语义的同时降低单个子技能的可疑信号。为防御此类攻击,我们提出ChainGuard,一种上下文感知的技能链扫描器,联合分析候选技能与已安装技能环境,重构跨技能依赖、产物流、能力组合与下游行为,识别仅在工作流层面显现的风险。实验表明,ColluSkill在六种代表性技能扫描器上平均攻击成功率达96.0%,持续优于对比的单技能与多技能攻击基线。同时,ChainGuard将攻击成功率降至22.5%,并允许99.5%良性工作流通过,凸显了对智能体技能生态进行链级安全分析的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agent skills are emerging as an important attack surface in LLM-based agent systems. Through an empirical study of existing skill scanners, we find that current defenses mainly inspect individual skills, leaving risks from cross-skill composition insufficiently examined. This creates a practical blind spot: multiple locally plausible skills may pass security checks while collectively forming a harmful workflow during agent execution. To investigate this threat, we propose ColluSkill, a collusive multi-skill-chain attack framework that decomposes a complete malicious intent into interdependent sub-payloads embedded in independently packaged skills. The attack does not rely on any single malicious skill, but emerges from the ordered composition of locally plausible behaviors through contextual dependencies, artifact passing, and execution handoffs. ColluSkill further employs LLM-based chain planning and scanner-feedback refinement to preserve chain-level attack semantics while reducing suspicious signals in individual sub-skills. To defend against such attacks, we propose ChainGuard, a context-aware skill-chain scanner that jointly analyzes a candidate skill and the skills already installed in the agent environment. ChainGuard reconstructs cross-skill dependencies, artifact flows, capability compositions, and downstream behaviors to identify risks that emerge only at the workflow level. Experiments on six representative skill scanners show that ColluSkill achieves an average attack success rate of 96.0% and consistently outperforms the evaluated single-skill and multi-skill attack baselines. Meanwhile, ChainGuard reduces the attack success rate to 22.5% while allowing 99.5% of benign workflows to pass, highlighting the importance of chain-level security analysis for agent skill ecosystems.
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