arXiv:2608.09775cs.AIcs.CE2026-08

针对空气质量预测中污染物差异大、变化快的问题,提出双流框架精准建模不同污染源的动态特征。

AirFlow: Context Preserving and Multi-Rate State Modeling for Air Quality Forecasting

论文配图:AirFlow: Context Preserving and Multi-Rate State Modeling for Air Quality Forecasting
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按污染物特性自动选择归一化路径和时序建模结构,实现通道自适应处理。
  • 在36项指标中34项领先,误差降低最多达11.11%。
  • 模型轻量高效,参数仅0.0483M,适合实际部署于城市环境监测系统。

准确的空气质量预测对公共健康和城市环境管理至关重要,但面临污染物周期性不一、分布漂移显著,且浓度轨迹包含多尺度依赖与快速变化等挑战。现有方法虽提升了空间依赖建模与气象协变量处理能力,但仍对所有污染物采用统一归一化规则和共享时序主干网络,使用同一潜在表示学习通道特异性分布与多速率变化。为此,本文提出AirFlow,一种无需额外图传播或预定义信号分解的污染物感知双流框架。其核心包括:(1)统计引导的归一化路由机制,根据污染物24小时自相关性和分布漂移动态选择归一化路径;(2)分层双流状态模型,融合多尺度状态空间传播与可学习响应系数,通过门控双向交叉注意力实现信息交换与表征自适应融合。在多个城市的实测数据上实验表明,AirFlow在36项指标中有34项表现最优,相较当前最优基线,均方根误差最高降低11.11%。模型仅需0.0483M参数与0.0215G FLOPs,兼具高精度与低计算开销。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate air quality forecasting is essential for public health and urban environmental management, but remains challenging because pollutant channels differ in periodicity and distribution drift, while their concentration trajectories contain both multi-scale dependencies and rapid changes. Recent methods have improved spatial dependency learning and meteorological covariate modeling. However, pollutant channels are still passed through the same normalization rule and temporal backbone, using a shared latent representation for channel-specific distributions and changes at different rates. To address this limitation, we propose AirFlow, a pollutant-aware dual-stream framework that operates on station multivariate observations without additional graph propagation or predefined signal decomposition. Specifically, AirFlow designs two novel blocks: (1) a statistic-guided normalization routing mechanism that selects a normalization path for each pollutant according to its 24-hour autocorrelation and distribution drift; and (2) a hierarchical dual-stream state model that combines multi-scale state space propagation with learnable response coefficients, where gated bidirectional cross-attention exchanges information and adaptively fuses the resulting representations. Experiments on real-world data from multiple cities show that AirFlow achieves the best performance in 34 of 36 metrics comparisons, with reductions of up to 11.11% root mean square error over the state-of-the-art baseline. AirFlow also requires only 0.0483M parameters and 0.0215G FLOPs, achieving high forecasting accuracy with low computational overhead.

空气预测双流模型轻量化多尺度

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。