让模型显式学习能量与动量,实现更可靠的物理一致运动规划。
Energy-Structured Latent World Models with Neural Time Fields for Physically Constistent Open-World Motion Planning

- 用能量-动量结构化隐状态,确保轨迹动态可解释且因果严格。
- 在未见场景中预测误差降30%,导航成功率提升至89.7%。
- 适合需要安全、动态可行路径的机器人开放世界导航任务。
物理一致的运动规划仍是具身AI的核心挑战,生成轨迹必须严格符合真实执行动力学。尽管潜在世界模型可通过预测动力学提供前景,但现有方法学习的是无约束的未来表征,隐含的物理信息难以复用,导致在不可预测的开放世界导航中可靠性不足。为此,我们提出一种新型能量结构化潜在世界模型(ELWM),其核心思想是将能量和动量显式编码于潜在状态,通过耗散与控制端口实现严格因果转移。该模型基于多模态RGB-D与惯性交互历史训练,保证物理一致性预测。进一步通过构建物理条件神经时间场(PC-NTF),利用Eikonal方程将ELWM融入到达时间场,生成物理感知的导航策略。在未见场景评估中,相比通用潜在模型,PC-NTF将运动预测归一化均方误差从0.36降至0.29(降幅0.8秒);相较Active Neural Time Fields,导航成功率从81.3%提升至89.7%,SPL从0.64增至0.73,物理碰撞率由12.1%降至5.8%,Eikonal残差从0.083降至0.031。结果表明,将显式物理结构嵌入潜在空间,天然弥合了预测模型与安全动态可行规划之间的鸿沟。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Physically consistent motion planning remains a fundamental challenge in embodied AI, as generated trajectories must strictly conform to real-world execution dynamics. While latent world models offer a promising approach by predicting these dynamics, existing methods learn unconstrained future representations where absorbed physics remains implicit. Therefore, they fail to form reusable physical knowledge, which compromises reliability in unpredictable open-world navigation. To address this, we propose a novel Energy-Structured Latent World Model (ELWM). Our key idea is to structure the ELWM latent state to explicitly carry energy and momentum, ensuring strictly causal transitions via dissipation and control ports. Trained on multimodal RGB-D and inertial interaction histories, our model guarantees physically consistent predictions. We further implement this for motion planning by constructing Physics-Conditioned Neural Time Fields (PC-NTF), a key technical cornerstone that integrates ELWM into an arrival time field via the Eikonal equation to yield a physically-informed navigation policy. Across held-out scenes, our evaluation reveals significant improvements. Compared to generic latent models, PC-NTF reduces 0.8-s motion-prediction NRMSE from 0.36 to 0.29. Against Active Neural Time Fields, it improves navigation success from 81.3% to 89.7% and SPL from 0.64 to 0.73, while cutting the physical collision rate from 12.1% to 5.8% and the Eikonal residual from 0.083 to 0.031. Beyond these targeted gains, our results demonstrate that embedding explicit physical structures into latent spaces intrinsically bridges the gap between predictive world models and safe, dynamically feasible motion planning.
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