针对长时序智能体记忆,动态选择最优记忆结构组合。
MESA:Task-Adaptive Multi-Structure Evidence Selection for Long-Horizon Agent Memory

- 构建五种互补记忆结构,按任务需求动态选子集
- 在AMA-Bench上提升8.5%准确率,证据量减少41%
- 适合需要高效长程推理的智能体系统
长时序智能体累积数百个交错的推理、动作和观察步骤,查询答案可能依赖于历史中遥远的证据。外部记忆将这些轨迹以结构化形式存储,但每种结构仅提供部分视角。现有系统要么固定读取所有结构,增加上下文噪声;要么仅路由到单一结构,无法融合互补证据。对AMA-Bench的分析显示,最优配置通常既非单一结构也非全部结构的并集,而是随查询与任务变化的定制化多结构组合。为此,我们提出结构级动态选择:从专用记忆结构库中选择并融合查询自适应的子集。MESA(多结构证据选择框架)为每条轨迹构建五种互补结构视图,并通过端到端答案级反馈学习选择与融合策略,服务于冻结的答案模型。为应对弱监督,MESA采用先验引导搜索与UCB调度平衡探索与利用。在AMA-Bench上,MESA相较最强基线提升8.5%,同时比全结构方案减少41%的证据词数。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Long-horizon agents accumulate trajectories spanning hundreds of interleaved reasoning, action, and observation steps, where answering a query may depend on evidence buried far back in the history. External memory stores such trajectories as structured representations, yet each structure provides a distinct and incomplete view. Existing multi-memory systems either read a fixed set of structures for every query, inflating context and introducing noise, or route each query to a single structure, preventing the composition of complementary evidence. A controlled analysis on AMA-Bench shows that the optimal memory configuration is typically neither a single structure nor the full union, but a tailored composition of multiple structural memories that varies with query and task demands. Motivated by these findings, we formulate structure-level dynamic selection: selecting and fusing a query-adaptive subset from a library of specialized memory structures. We propose MESA (a Multi-structure Evidence Selection framework for long-horizon Agent), which builds five complementary structure views of each trajectory and learns from end-to-end answer-level feedback to select and fuse a query-specific subset for a frozen answer model. To learn under this weak supervision, MESA employs harness optimization with prior-guided search and UCB-guided scheduling to balance exploration and exploitation. On AMA-Bench, MESA outperforms the strongest baseline by 8.5% while using 41% fewer evidence tokens than the all-structure alternative.
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