arXiv:2608.10220cs.RO2026-08

让机器人在狭窄空间中安全移动,靠的是体积化避障指引。

Whole-Body Planning for Humanoids Navigating Confined Spaces via Self-Collision Avoidance References

论文配图:Whole-Body Planning for Humanoids Navigating Confined Spaces via Self-Collision Avoidance References
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用可微分避障构建体素化引导路径,提升规划精度。
  • 在12-18秒复杂动作中成功生成可行轨迹,传统方法失败。
  • 适合需高鲁棒性的仿人机器人导航任务,如应急救援。

在高度受限环境中实现仿人机器人行走,需同时应对密集环境障碍与复杂的自碰撞约束,并保持多接触动态可行性。传统轨迹优化器在此类空间中常因基于粒子抽象的样条方法难以覆盖大碰撞空间,导致陷入不良局部最优。为此,我们提出三阶段全身规划框架,直接在运动可达刚体体积上进行运动学路径规划。通过将可微分碰撞避免整合进可达性约束公式,该框架生成体积感知引导,可靠地指导全阶轨迹优化器完成长时序规划。我们证明这些优化后的规划可作为高质量参考,用于训练残差强化学习策略以实现稳健在线执行。在Unitree G1仿人机器人上,于三个超过NIST应急响应标准的基准测试中验证,实现受限空间比(C_r < 1.5)。框架可在12至18秒复杂步态与手部接触任务中生成可行轨迹,而标准基线失败;所学策略在物理仿真中经受广泛域随机化仍能成功跟踪规划路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humanoid locomotion in highly confined environments requires navigating dense environmental obstacles and complex self-collision bounds while maintaining multi-contact dynamic feasibility. Traditional trajectory optimizers frequently struggle in these restricted spaces, as navigating the large collision space with splines on particle abstractions is insufficient and leads to poor local minima. To address this, we propose a three-stage whole-body planning framework that formulates kinematic path planning directly over kinematically reachable rigid-body volumes. By integrating differentiable collision avoidance into a reachability-constrained formulation, our framework synthesizes volume-informed guides that reliably guide a full-order trajectory optimizer over long horizons. We show that these optimized plans serve as high-quality references to train a residual reinforcement learning policy for robust online execution. We validate our approach on the Unitree G1 humanoid across three benchmark testbeds exceeding NIST emergency response standards, achieving restricted confinement ratios ($C_r < 1.5$). Our framework generates feasible trajectories across 12-to-18-second tasks with complex foot and hand contacts where standard baselines fail, while the learned policy successfully tracks these plans under extensive domain randomization in physics simulation.

全身规划避障仿人机器人强化学习

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