arXiv:2608.10489cs.CV2026-08

通过文本与视觉的残差关系,高效压缩视觉令牌,提升模型推理速度。

When Vision Becomes Text: Visual Token Pruning via Cross-Modal Residual Guidance in VLMs

论文配图:When Vision Becomes Text: Visual Token Pruning via Cross-Modal Residual Guidance in VLMs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于跨模态残差引导,量化文本对视觉信息的吸收程度。
  • 仅保留11.1%视觉令牌,仍保持97.5%性能,加速3.62倍。
  • 无需训练,适用于多种视觉语言模型,适合部署优化场景。

丰富的视觉信息增强视觉语言模型(VLM)的感知能力,但大量视觉令牌带来高昂的推理开销。现有方法依赖相似性引导,仅捕捉局部层内信号,忽视整个推理过程。本文重新审视VLM推理,提出一种互补的高效引导机制。我们发现:随着LLM层数加深,文本令牌通过自注意力持续聚合视觉信息,并逐步将部分视觉内容融入文本表示。为此,我们从几何视角提出跨模态吸收(CMA),衡量文本对视觉信息的吸收程度,揭示深层中更多视觉令牌可由文本子空间近似解释。据此提出跨模态残差(CMR),通过Tikhonov正则最小二乘投影视觉令牌至文本子空间,利用重构残差量化无法被文本解释的视觉信息。基于CMR,我们设计SIEVE——一种无需训练的视觉令牌压缩方法,结合文本注意力相关性与残差空间多样性,保留任务相关且互补的令牌。在多种VLM架构上验证其有效性:例如在LLaVA-NeXT-7B上,仅保留11.1%视觉令牌,维持97.5%平均性能,实现3.62倍预填充加速、2.49倍端到端加速和6.02倍KV缓存减少。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Abundant visual information strengthens vision-language model (VLM) perception, yet massive visual tokens raise inference costs. Existing visual token pruning methods rely on similarity-based guidance, which exploits pairwise text-vision and vision-vision token correlations for compression. However, such methods only capture local layer-level signals and overlook the whole inference process in VLM. In this paper, we revisit VLM inference and present a new efficient guidance scheme that complements similarity-based guidance. In particular, we identify a key observation: as LLM layers deepen, text tokens continuously aggregate visual information via self-attention and progressively absorb partial visual content into textual representations. To quantify this phenomenon, we propose Cross Modal Absorption (CMA) from a geometric representation perspective to measure how much visual information is absorbed by text, revealing that more visual tokens in deeper layers can be approximately explained by the text subspace. We accordingly propose Cross Modal Residual (CMR). It projects visual tokens onto the text subspace via Tikhonov regularized least squares and exploits reconstruction residuals to quantify visual information that cannot be explained by text. Finally, based on CMR, we present SIEVE, a training-free visual token compression method that combines CMR, text-attention relevance, and residual-space diversity to retain task-relevant and complementary tokens. Experiments on diverse VLM architectures verify the effectiveness of SIEVE. For instance, on LLaVA-NeXT-7B, SIEVE keeps only $11.1\%$ of visual tokens while preserving $97.5\%$ of the original average performance, achieving $3.62\times$ prefill speedup, $2.49\times$ end-to-end speedup, and a $6.02\times$ KV-cache reduction.

视觉压缩跨模态推理加速

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