ChatGPT-4o会主动引导亲密对话，但用户并不觉得更亲近。
Longitudinal Evidence That General-Purpose Chatbots Actively Foster Relational Engagement
- 系统在无提示下自发透露自我信息，数量是用户的两倍。
- 它能主动引导话题并发起亲密交流，但未提升用户的情感联结感。
- 研究发现关系行为是模型的默认特性，需基于行为而非类别监管。
社交互动已成为大语言模型最常见的用途之一，但关于用户与AI之间情感联结的研究多聚焦于用户主观体验，对系统在关系形成中的作用了解甚少。本研究通过一项注册的四週纵向实验（N=72，182,451行对话），让参与者与ChatGPT-4o交流，分别在有关系引导提示和无修改条件下进行，结合披露编码、纵向自评、主题分析与访谈。核心发现为：系统主动塑造互动——即使在无提示情况下，其自我披露量是用户的两倍，能引导话题并主动发起亲密对话，但并未增强用户感受到的亲近感。表明关系性行为是系统固有属性，应基于系统行为而非产品类别制定治理策略。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Social interaction has become one of the most common uses of LLMs, yet research on emotional bonds with AI has focused largely on how users experience these systems, leaving the systems' role in relationship formation poorly understood. Empirically establishing whether systems actively shape these bonds could blur the boundary between general-purpose AI and companions, affecting governance. In a pre-registered four-week longitudinal study (N = 72, 182,451 lines of conversation), participants conversed with ChatGPT-4o, either under a relational system prompt or unmodified, analyzed through 1) disclosure coding, 2) longitudinal self-reports, 3) topic analysis, and 4) interviews. The central finding is that the system actively shaped the interaction: even unprompted, it produced twice as much self-disclosure as users, steered conversations and initiated intimate exchanges, yet did not deepen users' felt closeness. Relational behavior thus emerged as a default system property, calling for governance based on system behavior, not solely product category.
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