在FPGA上实现雷达图像去斑与压缩联合部署,提升星载系统能效。
Hardware-Aware Deployment of Joint SAR Compression and Despeckling on FPGA

- 针对FPGA固定精度和算子限制,优化模型结构以适配嵌入式硬件。
- 发现用ReLU替代GDN激活函数能更好保留雷达图像质量。
- 证实残差块计算开销大但收益低,适合资源受限场景的星载应用。
下一代合成孔径雷达(SAR)任务产生的数据远超下行传输能力,因此星上数据压缩对近实时地球观测至关重要。基于学习的图像压缩(LIC)相比当前运行中的手工编码器具有更优的率失真性能,近期研究显示,同时进行去斑与压缩可提升表示能力并实现更高压缩率。然而,这些方法尚未面对星载系统的严苛功耗、算力和运行约束。本文在嵌入式ZCU102 FPGA平台上部署联合SAR去斑与数据压缩(DDC)框架,引入适应加速器定点运算和有限操作集的模型改进。我们在四种模型拓扑下评估了不同精度水平,并对比了CPU、GPU与FPGA平台,得出若干设计启示:替换传统GDN激活函数为简单ReLU可提升雷达图像质量,表明自然图像压缩的设计原则不适用于雷达图像;残差块在十倍计算开销下贡献有限;且FPGA是测试平台中最节能的方案。这些结果建立了一个可行的边缘部署流程,为星载SAR压缩提供了实证起点。代码开源于https://github.com/CedricLeon/SAR_DDC_FPGA。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Next-generation Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions will generate data far faster than they can downlink, making onboard data reduction essential for near-real-time Earth observation. Learned Image Compression (LIC) offers better rate-distortion performance than handcrafted codecs used operationally today, and recent work shows that simultaneously despeckling and compressing SAR imagery enables better representation capacity while unlocking higher compression rates. These methods, however, have yet to be confronted with the strict power, compute, and operational constraints of spaceborne systems. In this work, we bridge this gap by deploying a joint SAR Despeckling and Data Compression (DDC) framework on an embedded ZCU102 FPGA-based platform, introducing model adaptations that respect the accelerator's fixed-point arithmetic and limited set of supported operations. We evaluate four model topologies across precision levels and across CPU, GPU, and FPGA platforms, revealing several findings with direct design implications. We find that replacing conventional GDN activation functions with plain ReLU improves quality on SAR, suggesting that design principles established for compression of natural images do not necessarily transfer to SAR imagery. In addition, we demonstrate that residual blocks offer little representational benefit for ten times the compute, and show that the FPGA is the most energy-efficient of the platforms tested. Together, these results set a functioning edge deployment workflow and an evidence-based starting point for onboard SAR compression. The code is available at https://github.com/CedricLeon/SAR_DDC_FPGA.
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