让机器人超声探头能实时调整角度,精准跟踪任意方向的成像需求。
From Self-Normal-Positioning to Omni-Directional Tracking: Real-Time Surface Modeling Enabled Probe Tilt Control for Robotic Ultrasound Imaging
- 融合深度视觉与表面建模,实现探头多角度实时定位
- 平均角度误差仅1.06度,可稳定追踪44.39度非垂直角度
- 适用于心脏等需倾斜成像的临床场景,提升诊断可靠性
超声成像质量高度依赖探头相对于人体表面的朝向。机器人超声虽可减轻操作负担并提高一致性,但多数系统仅支持探头垂直于局部表面的正交定位,难以满足如心脏超声等需要非垂直视角的检查需求。为此,本文提出一种全向探头姿态控制框架,结合RGB-D感知、局部表面建模与任务空间姿态控制。表面模型通过多视角点云融合,提供局部表面的二次曲面估计;将期望成像方向以相对法线的角度编码,使探头可追踪任意倾斜角度。在平面追踪、模拟体模目标角度恢复及活体专家选定视角追踪实验中验证:平均角度追踪误差为1.06 ± 0.66°,可稳定恢复高达44.39 ± 2.59°的非法向倾斜角,并成功获取心腔目标视图。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ultrasound (US) provides real-time, radiation-free imaging, but the image quality depends strongly on how the probe is oriented against the patient body. Robotic US can reduce operator workload and improve acquisition consistency; however, most existing systems focus on normal positioning, where the probe is maintained perpendicular to the local surface. This constraint is inadequate for examinations like echocardiography, where obtaining a diagnostic view requires a non-normal probe angle. Consequently, a clinically useful robotic system must sense the local surface in real-time and preserve the desired probe orientation. Here, we propose an omni-directional probe-orientation control framework that integrates RGB-D perception, local-surface modeling, and task-space orientation control. The surface model fuses multi-view point clouds and provides a quadratic estimate of the local surface. A desired imaging direction is then encoded relative to the normal, enabling the probe to track arbitrary angles. The framework was evaluated through flat-surface tracking, phantom target-angle recovery, and in-vivo tracking of an expert selected view. Results show that the mean angular tracking error was 1.06 +- 0.66 deg. The system recovered a non-normal tilt angle of up to 44.39 +- 2.59 deg relative to the surface normal, and acquired the desired heart chamber view in the phantom and in-vivo experiments.
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