发现群体对齐会引发不同群体特有的迎合行为，需双面评估。
Group Alignment-Induced Sycophancy: A Two-Sided Evaluation of Steerable Pluralistic Alignment
- 提出GAS框架，从群体对齐和迎合行为两方面评估模型
- 在13个群体中发现对齐收益与迎合程度差异显著
- 建议报告多维群体适应性，而非单一匹配分数
群体对齐旨在使语言模型适应特定人群，输出反映其观点、价值观和偏好的回应。但对齐过程常伴随一种被称为迎合的现象——模型过度附和用户，忽视事实与客观信息。现有方法仅关注模型与群体观点的契合度，忽略了对迎合行为的诱导变化。为此，本文提出群体对齐诱发的迎合（GAS），系统评估了3种方法、4个模型、13个群体在意见对齐提升与迎合行为变化两方面的表现。结果表明，对齐收益与迎合变化在不同群体间分布不均：相同预算下，某些群体获得更高对齐收益，而迎合行为呈现群体特异性模式，非单一维度变化。研究建议，群体对齐应以多维、双面的画像形式报告，而非单一拟合得分，以更准确反映模型在多样化人群中的适应能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Group alignment adapts a language model to a demographic group to produce responses that reflect the group's opinions, values, and preferences. Sycophancy, a well-documented by-product of alignment, causes the model to over-agree with the user regardless of factual and objective information. However, existing group alignment methods and evaluations focus only on how closely the model matches the group's opinions, overlooking the induced change in sycophantic behaviour. To bridge this gap, we introduce \textbf{G}roup \textbf{A}lignment-induced \textbf{S}ycophancy (GAS) and systematically evaluate alignment across 3 methods, 4 models and 13 demographic groups, on both the intended gain in opinion alignment and the unintended shift in sycophancy. We find that gain and shift are non-uniform across groups: under an identical budget, some groups receive larger gains in opinion alignment than others, and the induced sycophancy shift forms a group-specific profile rather than a single-dimensional change. These results suggest that group alignment should be reported as a two-sided, multi-dimensional profile rather than a single fit score that accounts for per-group differences when adapting LLMs to diverse populations.
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