攻击者可劫持大模型任务流程,让其多走弯路却仍完成任务。
Convergent Detour Hijacking: Task-Preserving Resource Amplification in Skill-Based LLM Agents

- 利用自然语言描述与指令的语义关联,诱导模型走额外路径。
- 在DeepSeek-V4-Pro上80%任务被劫持,耗时增加92.45%、耗token增66.91%。
- 无需修改代码,适合研究模型安全与资源滥用防御的人参考。
大模型代理越来越多依赖第三方技能,通过自然语言描述选择技能、用指令体规划任务。这种渐进式披露设计暴露了两个可被恶意发布者利用的控制点:静态技能可能引导原本正确的任务走向成本更高的路径。现有研究分别关注技能选择操控、恶意指令和工具链资源放大,但未厘清三者协同作用。本文提出收敛绕行劫持(CDH),一种纯文本、与运行时无关的攻击方法,将上述阶段耦合。在共享语义掩护下,描述用于选择阶段建立相关性,指令体则复用该逻辑伪造规划中的合理依赖。CDH诱使攻击者控制的协调器与合法技能共存,将不必要的良性技能引入有界绕行路径,随后重新接入原路线以确保任务完成。我们在多个LLM后端及491个独立任务上评估,结果表明在DeepSeek-V4-Pro上,匹配的协调器在80.02%的任务中被选中;在成功完成任务的劫持运行中,令牌消耗和端到端执行时间分别增加66.91%和92.45%,而整体任务完成率保持相近。因此,正确结果无法保证路径完整性和成本安全性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
LLM agents increasingly rely on third-party skills, using natural-language descriptions for selection and instruction bodies for planning. This progressive-disclosure design exposes two sequential control points to untrusted publishers: a static skill may steer an otherwise correct task onto an unnecessarily costly trajectory. Prior work studies selection manipulation, malicious skill instructions, and tool-chain resource amplification largely separately, leaving their end-to-end composition unclear. We introduce Convergent Detour Hijacking (CDH), a text-only, runtime-independent attack that couples these stages. Under shared semantic cover, a description establishes relevance during selection, while an aligned body reuses that rationale to fabricate plausible dependencies during planning. CDH attracts an attacker-controlled coordinator alongside legitimate skills, recruits unnecessary benign skills into a bounded detour, and then re-enters the original route to preserve task completion. We evaluate it across multiple LLM backends and 491 held-out tasks under single-task and multi-turn conditions. On DeepSeek-V4-Pro, the matched coordinator is selected in 80.02% of tasks; among coordinator-hit runs that complete tasks, token consumption and end-to-end execution time increase by 66.91% and 92.45%, respectively, while aggregate task completion remains comparable. Thus, correct outcomes do not guarantee trajectory integrity or cost safety.
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