arXiv:2608.12600cs.CVcs.AI2026-08中稿 · ECCV

用置信度指导伪标签生成,提升低标注数据下的高精地图构建效果。

PseudoMapLabeler: Confidence-Aware Pseudo-Label Generation for Semi-Supervised Online Mapping

论文配图:PseudoMapLabeler: Confidence-Aware Pseudo-Label Generation for Semi-Supervised Online Mapping
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于置信度图筛选高可信区域,保留有效信息并剔除不可靠段落。
  • 在nuScenes数据集上实现6.1 mAP提升,显著优于仅用标注数据训练。
  • 适合资源受限场景下在线高精地图系统快速部署与迭代。

在真实世界中部署在线高精地图构建系统时,标注数据稀缺严重制约模型在多样化环境中的泛化能力。为此,我们提出一种教师-学生半监督学习框架,通过置信度感知的地图优化从无标签数据生成高质量伪标签。首先在有限标注数据上训练教师模型,随后利用基于Beta分布的置信度图评估时序观测中地图元素的可靠性。不同于传统方法整体丢弃不可靠元素,我们引入空间裁剪技术,选择性保留高置信区域并移除低置信段落。经优化的地图元素作为先验,提升教师模型在无标签数据上的预测精度,再以增强后的预测结果作为伪标签,从头训练学生模型,并在原始标注数据上微调。在nuScenes数据集上的实验表明,该框架在低标注率条件下相较仅使用标注数据训练提升6.1 mAP,为在线高精地图构建中的标注数据稀缺问题提供实用解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A critical challenge in deploying online HD map construction systems to real-world scenarios is the scarcity of labeled training data, which limits model generalization in diverse environments. To address this limitation, we propose a teacher-student semi-supervised learning (SSL) framework that generates high-quality pseudo-labels from unlabeled data through confidence-aware map refinement. Our approach first trains a teacher model on limited labeled data, then leverages Beta-distribution-based confidence maps to assess the reliability of predicted map elements across temporal observations. Unlike conventional filtering methods that discard entire elements, we introduce a spatial clipping technique that selectively preserves high-confidence regions while removing unreliable segments. The refined map elements serve as map priors that improve the teacher model's prediction accuracy on unlabeled data in a second pass. These enhanced predictions become pseudo-labels for training a student model from scratch, followed by fine-tuning on the original labeled data. Experimental results on the nuScenes dataset demonstrate that our teacher-student framework with refined pseudo-labels improves performance by +6.1 mAP under a low-label regime compared to training on labeled data alone, offering a practical solution to the labeled data scarcity problem in online HD map construction.

半监督学习高精地图伪标签置信度

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