让电路表示随优化过程动态调整,提升贝叶斯优化效率
Finding the Needle in a Haystack: Test-Time Analog Circuit Representation Adaptation for Bayesian Optimization

- 在线更新电路嵌入,结合目标函数标签优化表示
- 相比固定嵌入方法,平均减少15.2%遗憾度积分
- 适合需高效搜索模拟成本高的模拟电路拓扑场景
贝叶斯优化(BO)是模拟电路拓扑搜索的高效框架,但评估每个候选拓扑需昂贵仿真。现有基于表示的BO方法通常在编码器训练后固定电路嵌入,导致表示学习与优化目标不匹配:嵌入虽能编码或重建电路结构,却未必按优化目标(性能指标,FoM)组织。本文提出测试时电路表示自适应方法(TTARO),一种在线深度核贝叶斯优化框架,可在搜索过程中持续调整电路表示。从预训练嵌入出发,TTARO联合学习非线性特征变换与高斯过程代理模型,利用已评估电路的FoM标签。每次新评估后,更新表示与代理模型再选择下一候选。在40种编码器/核函数/采集策略组合上,TTARO相比传统固定嵌入的高斯过程优化平均降低15.2%遗憾度积分,相比深度核学习(DKL)降低20.7%,多数设置下表现更优,最大降幅达46.7%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient framework for analog circuit topology search, where evaluating each candidate topology can require costly simulation. However, representation-based BO methods typically treat circuit embeddings as fixed after encoder training. This creates a mismatch between representation learning and optimization: embeddings learned to encode or reconstruct circuit structure are not necessarily organized according to the figure of merit (FoM) being optimized. This paper introduces Test-Time Analog Representation Adaptation for Bayesian Optimization (TTARO), an online deep-kernel BO framework that adapts circuit representations throughout the search process. Starting from pretrained circuit embeddings, TTARO jointly learns a nonlinear feature transformation and a Gaussian-process surrogate using the FoM labels of the circuits evaluated so far. Following each new evaluation, TTARO updates the representation and surrogate before selecting the next candidate. We compare TTARO with conventional Gaussian Process-based BO over fixed embeddings and with Deep Kernel Learning (DKL), which learns the representation only from the initial evaluated designs and keeps it fixed throughout the remainder of the search. By continually incorporating newly observed FoM labels into representation learning, TTARO aligns the search space with the optimization objective as BO progresses. In our experiments, TTARO reduces regret AUC by 15.2% on average relative to BO and by 20.7% relative to DKL across 40 encoder/kernel/acquisition settings, outperforming prior art in most settings with reductions as large as 46.7%.
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