arXiv:2608.12845cs.IRcs.AI2026-08

解决生成式推荐中高频词被过度预测的问题,提升推荐公平性。

FSGR: Mitigating Token Frequency Bias for Fair SID-Based Generative Recommendation

论文配图:FSGR: Mitigating Token Frequency Bias for Fair SID-Based Generative Recommendation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建平衡的语义编码空间,优化高阶语义令牌分布。
  • 在三个数据集上平均公平性提升超20%,推荐精度不降。
  • 适合关注推荐系统公平性的研究者与工业应用落地。

基于语义标识(SID)的生成式推荐近期取得显著进展,但现有方法存在未被充分关注的公平性问题,即‘令牌频率偏差’:高频语义令牌被系统性高估,低频令牌则被低估。该偏差源于构建SID时语义码本分布不均,以及训练中流行度偏差与最大似然目标的共同作用,导致不同商品类别的曝光不公平。现有方法多聚焦于提升码本质量,忽视令牌频率失衡对下游推荐公平性的影响;而直接套用大模型去偏方法在SID推荐中效果不佳,因其令牌具有层级语义结构。为此,本文提出FSGR框架,在SID构建阶段采用基于最优传输的分配优化与双准则重锚机制,形成更均衡的表示空间;在推荐训练阶段引入两阶段策略与分层频率校准,实现层级细化的公平性微调。在三个公开数据集和三种主干模型上的实验表明,FSGR有效缓解令牌频率偏差,平均吉尼公平性提升超过20%,同时保持优异的推荐精度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Semantic ID (SID)-based generative recommendation has recently achieved remarkable success. However, existing methods suffer from a previously overlooked fairness issue, which we term \textbf{Token Frequency Bias}, where high-frequency SID tokens are systematically over-predicted while low-frequency SID tokens are under-predicted. This bias originates from the combined effects of imbalanced semantic codebooks during SID construction, and popularity bias together with the maximum likelihood estimation objective during recommendation training, resulting in unfair exposure across item categories. Existing SID methods mainly focus on improving codebook quality and overlook the impact of token frequency imbalance on downstream recommendation fairness, while LLM debiasing methods often yield suboptimal results when directly applied to SID-based recommendation, due to the hierarchical semantics of SID tokens. To address this issue, we propose \textbf{FSGR}, a fairness optimization framework for SID-based generative recommendation. During SID construction, FSGR employs OT-based Assignment Optimization and Dual-Criteria Re-anchor mechanism to form a more balanced SID representation space. During recommendation training, it adopts a two-stage training strategy and introduces Hierarchical Frequency Calibration for layer-specific fairness fine-tuning. Experiments on three public datasets with three backbone models demonstrate that FSGR mitigates token frequency bias and delivers an average Gini fairness improvement of over 20\% while maintaining competitive recommendation accuracy.

生成推荐公平性语义编码去偏

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