用大模型动态调整饮食,个性化控制餐后血糖波动。
From Prediction to Intervention: Personalized Meal-Level Glucose Regulation via an LLM Agent

- 构建可学习的生理衰减模块,建模个体化葡萄糖吸收规律。
- 通过预测反馈迭代优化真实餐食,使血糖峰值降低23.6%。
- 首个将生理学习与大模型代理结合的血糖调控系统,适合糖尿病管理研究者。
个性化血糖调控仍是精准营养中的核心挑战,因餐后血糖反应在个体间差异显著。现有基于升糖指数的方法无法充分考虑这种异质性,且缺乏根据生理反馈动态调整餐食的机制。受大语言模型代理进展启发,我们提出一种生理反馈智能体循环系统,整合个体化吸收建模与饮食干预以调控血糖反应。具体地,设计了生理感知葡萄糖预测器,通过可学习的时间生理吸收衰减模块建模个体吸收动态;并构建预测驱动的两阶段餐食优化代理,利用预测结果作为显式反馈迭代优化真实餐食。在多个公开数据集上的实验表明,该方法不仅提升预测精度,还能有效减少血糖波动。据我们所知,这是首次将生理学习与大模型代理结合用于个性化血糖调控的研究。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Personalized glucose regulation remains a central yet unresolved challenge in precision nutrition, as postprandial glucose response varies substantially across individuals. Existing approaches based on glycemic indices fail to adequately account for such heterogeneity and lack the mechanism to dynamically adjust meals based on personal physiological feedback. In this context, recent advances in LLM-based agents offer a promising direction, as they enable context-aware reasoning and iterative refinement. Inspired by this, we propose a physio-feedback agentic loop, a unified system that integrates individualized absorption modeling with dietary intervention to regulate glucose response. Specifically, we develop a Physiology-Aware Glucose Predictor to model individualized absorption dynamics through a learnable Temporal Physiological Absorption Decay Module. We then construct a Prediction-Driven Two-Stage Meal Optimization Agent that iteratively refines real-world meals using predicted outcomes as explicit feedback. Through extensive experiments on multiple public datasets, we demonstrate that our method not only improves prediction accuracy but also effectively reduces glucose excursions. To the best of our knowledge, this paper marks the first step in integrating physiological learning with an LLM-based agent for personalized glucose regulation.
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