arXiv:2608.13889cs.CV2026-08

用大模型辩论选出最优地震断层分割网络,小模型大效果。

Consensus-gated Multi-Agent Neural Architecture Search for Seismic Fault Segmentation

论文配图:Consensus-gated Multi-Agent Neural Architecture Search for Seismic Fault Segmentation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 三名大模型辩论候选架构,达成共识后自动生成代码
  • 仅用8个候选模型、450K参数约束,达到F1 0.578最佳性能
  • 适合地质勘探领域,低成本发现高效专用网络

地震断层分割的神经网络通常借鉴计算机视觉和医学影像领域的模型,但这些领域有大量标注数据,而地球物理应用中常面临标注数据稀缺的问题。在有限标注数据下优化网络结构极具挑战,人工设计耗时,传统神经架构搜索(NAS)受限于手工设计的搜索空间和高昂算力。本文提出一种代理式NAS系统,由三个大语言模型(Claude、GPT-5.1、Gemini 2.5 Pro)对每个候选架构进行辩论,达成一致共识后自动生成完整PyTorch代码,交叉审查并提交至自动化验证-训练-评分循环。系统在单张消费级GPU上运行,仅训练8个候选模型,严格限制在450K参数以内,保留失败机制记忆。最终发现 extit{ours}:一个425K参数的编码器-解码器结构,包含条带池化瓶颈、挤压-激励门控、非对称单卷积解码器与特征金字塔融合颈部。在Thebe断层数据集上,该模型以与所有基线相同训练协议,获得最高F1(0.578)和交并比,同时是所有测试模型中最小的,显著优于发布容量的U-Net(31M参数,F1 0.484)、DeepLabV3-ResNet50(39.6M,0.516)和Attention U-Net(1.83M,0.502)。搜索共消耗101次大模型调用(约115万输入/39万输出token),耗时约一天GPU时间,证明共识引导的多模型协作是低预算、高效率的领域专用架构发现路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Neural networks for seismic fault segmentation are often borrowed from computer vision and medical imaging domains where they train under relatively much larger labeled data resources. Optimizing their architecture under tight labeled data budgets as are common in geophysical applications is not a trivial problem. Manually designing data-optimal architectures is time-consuming while classical neural architecture search (NAS) is restricted to hand-crafted search spaces and large compute budgets. We present an agentic NAS system in which a panel of three large language models (Claude, GPT-5.1, and Gemini~2.5~Pro) debates each candidate architecture to unanimous consensus, authors the complete PyTorch implementation, cross-reviews it, and submits it to an automated validate-train-score loop with a hard 450K parameter budget, keep-or-revert lineage, and a memory of failed mechanisms. Operating on source code rather than a predefined operation menu, the search ran on a single consumer GPU and trained only eight candidates. It discovered \ours{}: a 425K-parameter encoder-decoder with a strip-pooling bottleneck, squeeze-and-excitation gating, an asymmetric one-conv decoder, and a feature-pyramid fusion neck. Trained under a protocol identical to all baselines on sections derived from the Thebe fault dataset, it attains the highest F1 (0.578) and IoU of all models tested while being the smallest, outperforming a published-capacity U-Net (31M parameters, F1 0.484), DeepLabV3-ResNet50 (39.6M, 0.516), an Attention U-Net(1.83M, 0.502). The search cost 101 LLM calls ($\sim$1.15M input / 0.39M output tokens) and roughly one GPU-day, making consensus-gated LLM panels a practical, low-cost route to domain-specific architecture discovery.

神经架构搜索地震分析大模型协同轻量化网络

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