arXiv:2608.14106cs.LGcs.AI2026-08

预测股票收益时模型输出趋于平坦,我们提出新目标解决这一问题。

Forecast Collapse in Time-Series Foundation Models

  • 设计新目标CalibRank,平衡预测准确与排名能力
  • 在Finance1K上交叉相关性接近翻倍,幅度接近真实水平
  • 揭示传统评估忽略跨股票结构的缺陷,适合金融量化研究者

在对1000只美国股票进行小时收益率预测时,发现预测结果趋于平缓且股票排序能力差,称为预测坍塌。该现象在预测交易量时几乎消失。我们在12种深度学习模型、97个公开配置和多种时间序列基础模型中验证,发现其与目标可预测性密切相关。两个原因:低可预测性限制预测幅度,逐序列目标忽略跨序列结构。这揭示了校准与排序间的权衡:优化平方误差导致预测平坦,直接优化相关性虽提升排序但使幅度增加超十倍。为此提出CalibRank,一种简单目标,在Finance1K上将交叉相关性几乎提高三倍,同时保持幅度接近真实值,并在所有测试模型上改善相关性。结果表明,传统按序列评估可能掩盖跨序列结构失效,而这正是下游决策所需。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

When forecasting hourly returns for 1,000 US equities, we observe an unexpected phenomenon: predictions become nearly flat and show poor stock ranking, as measured by cross-sectional correlation. We call this forecast collapse. Surprisingly, the phenomenon largely disappears when forecasting trading volume under the same setting. We investigate forecast collapse across time-series foundation models (TSFMs), twelve deep-learning forecasting models, and 97 public benchmark configurations, and find that it is closely tied to target predictability. We identify two distinct reasons behind it: low predictability limits the amplitude of calibrated point forecasts, while per-series objectives leave cross-series structure unidentified. These findings reveal a calibration-ranking tradeoff: optimizing squared error leads to flat predictions, whereas directly optimizing cross-sectional correlation improves ranking but can inflate forecast amplitude by more than an order of magnitude. To address this tradeoff, we introduce CalibRank, a simple objective that balances calibration and ranking. On Finance1K, CalibRank nearly triples cross-sectional correlation while keeping amplitude close to the target, and improves correlation on all tested models. Our results reveal a blind spot in conventional time-series evaluation: per-series metrics can hide failures in cross-series structure needed by downstream decisions.

时间序列金融预测模型校准排名优化

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