用固定资源量的高斯体素编码科学模拟数据，实现快速压缩与灵活可视化。
Fixed-Budget Gaussian Volume Encoding with Structure-Aware Allocation
- 基于场结构解析分配高斯原语，无需迭代增删或调整数量。
- 百万级高斯在桌面显卡上四分钟内完成十亿体素编码，压缩比超4万倍。
- 单模型支持后续任意视角、着色等变化，无需重新编码。
科学模拟常产生远超存储、传输与加载能力的标量体数据，而在线压缩必须受限于有限的计算资源。本文在固定预算下，将标量场编码为各向异性高斯原语。通过分析局部场结构（位置、方向、形状）一次性分配完整原语集，并直接在原始标量场上进行无密化、无剪枝、无数量变更的优化。所选预算决定编码前的存储规模，结合迭代调度可控制优化时间。在基准测试中，考虑截断的场评估使编码时间最多降低51倍；140万高斯原语可在一台桌面GPU上于四分钟内编码十亿体素，减少迭代优化耗时不足一分钟。在涵盖210万至11亿体素的五个数据集上，有效压缩配置实现15.0-38.7 dB PSNR，压缩比达2.2倍至超过4万倍。预编码结构统计可识别出一阶段分配后容量提升收益有限的场类型。由于原语保留标量属性而非固化外观，单一紧凑模型即可支持所有后续可视化状态——包括事后转移函数、颜色映射、光照和视点变换，无需重新编码。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Scientific simulations often produce scalar volumes faster than they can be stored, transferred, and loaded, while in situ reduction must use only a limited share of simulation resources. This work encodes scalar fields as anisotropic Gaussian primitives under a fixed budget. The complete primitive set is allocated analytically from local field structure, including position, orientation, and shape, then refined directly against the scalar field without densification, pruning, or count changes. The selected budget determines encoded storage before refinement and, together with the iteration schedule, provides a controllable refinement-time budget. In a controlled benchmark, truncation-aware field evaluation reduces encoding time by up to 51x; 1.4 million Gaussians encode a billion-voxel volume in at most four minutes on one desktop GPU, with reduced-iteration refinement completing in under one minute. Across five datasets spanning 2.1 million to 1.1 billion evaluated voxels, compression-useful configurations achieve 15.0-38.7 dB PSNR at compression ratios from 2.2x to over 40,000x. Pre-encoding structure statistics characterize fields for which one-shot allocation yields limited gains from additional capacity. Because primitives retain scalar attributes rather than baked appearance, a single compact model serves every subsequent visualization state - supporting post-hoc transfer-function, colormap, lighting, and viewpoint changes without re-encoding.
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