让AI直接从知识图谱实时获取结构信息,无需预先整理数据格式。
AutoSchema: Live Schema Grounding for Agentic Text-to-Sparql over Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs
- 通过实时查询图谱结构,自动匹配问题中的实体与图谱标识符。
- 在生物医学问答任务中准确率高于现有框架,且减少工具调用次数。
- 适合处理未预设格式的异构知识图谱,降低人工维护成本。
生命科学知识图谱通过SPARQL提供结构化数据,但各资源使用不同的模式、标识符和链接。TogoMCP通过精心制作的Metadata Interoperability Exchange文件帮助语言模型代理查询这些资源,但创建和维护这些文件仍需模型辅助起草、验证及人工审查。我们研究了“实时模式定位”——即代理直接从当前端点获取完成问题所需的模式证据。本文提出 extsc{autoschema},一个无需训练的通用实时模式定位框架。它检查实时模式,将问题中的实体名称映射到图谱标识符,探索关系路径,并在迭代查询构建过程中发现资源间的可能连接。以TogoMCP为主要对比框架,在资源聚焦生物医学KGQA、多资源生物医学KGQA、纵向生物医学语义QA(BioASQ Task B)以及化学知识图谱向未标注RDF图迁移的任务上进行评估。 extsc{autoschema}在生物医学KGQA任务中提升了平均事实准确率,纵向BioASQ评估中保持一致优势;同时减少迭代预算耗尽情况,核心评估中平均工具调用次数更少。迁移实验初步表明,实时模式定位可在无预设模式文件情况下支持非标准和未知图谱。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Life science knowledge graphs make large collections of structured data available through SPARQL, but each resource uses its own schema, identifiers, and links. TogoMCP helps language model agents query these resources by providing curated Metadata Interoperability Exchange files. Creating and maintaining these files still requires language model assisted drafting, validation, and manual review. We study \emph{live schema grounding}, where an agent obtains the schema evidence needed for a question directly from the current endpoints. We present \textsc{autoschema}, a general framework for live schema grounding that requires no training. It inspects live schemas, maps entity names in a question to graph identifiers, explores relation paths, and finds possible connections between resources during iterative query construction. We use TogoMCP as our main comparison framework. We evaluate \textsc{autoschema} on Resource Focused Biomedical KGQA, Multi Resource Biomedical KGQA, Longitudinal Biomedical Semantic QA over BioASQ Task B, and Chemistry Knowledge Graph Transfer to a previously undocumented RDF graph. \textsc{autoschema} improves mean factoid accuracy over TogoMCP in the biomedical KGQA tasks and gives consistent gains in the longitudinal BioASQ evaluation. It also reduces iteration budget exhaustion and uses fewer tool calls on average in the core evaluation. The transfer study gives preliminary evidence that live schema grounding can support irregular and previously unseen graphs without first creating a curated schema file.
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