用图像标签实现极地低气压的像素级分割,无需人工标注掩码。
Weakly Supervised Polar Low Segmentation in Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery

- 基于对抗擦除思想,通过约束区域扩展和动态置信度加权生成伪标签。
- 在哨兵1号SAR数据上,分割结果更贴合气旋结构,且输出多可靠度类别的掩码。
- 适用于边界模糊、缺乏像素标注的数据,如气象影像或医学超声图像。
极地低气压是高纬度快速发展的强烈海上气旋。深度学习可检测合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像中的极地低气压,但像素级分割仍面临挑战:训练缺乏像素级掩码,且其范围本身具有主观性,边界模糊,专家标注差异大。本文提出约束区域擦除与软目标(CREST)框架,仅使用图像级标签实现弱监督语义分割。该方法基于对抗擦除(AER),通过迭代挖掘判别区域、擦除并重训分类器,以揭示互补线索生成伪标签。但标准AER会引入无关背景特征,降低伪标签质量。CREST通过两项改进解决:(i) 约束序数区域扩展(CORE)模块,利用极地低气压的空间连通性先验,从高置信种子区域受限扩展;(ii) 动态自举(DB)损失,将挖掘顺序作为标签可靠性代理,削弱后期挖掘区域的监督强度。在哨兵1号SAR数据上,CREST比标准AER更贴合气旋结构,并输出多类别掩码,类别表示各区域的可靠性。进一步在BUS-UCLM乳腺超声和PASCAL VOC人物数据集上评估,目标同样满足连通性先验但缺乏密集标注,结果表明在相同设置下CREST优于等效AER流程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Polar lows are intense maritime cyclones that form rapidly at high latitudes. Deep learning can detect them in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, but pixel-level segmentation remains an open challenge. No pixel-level masks are available for training, and a polar low's extent is inherently subjective, with diffuse boundaries that even experts delineate inconsistently. We propose Constrained Region Erasing with Soft Targets (CREST), a Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) framework that generates masks solely from image-level labels. Our approach builds on Adversarial Erasing (AER), which iteratively mines discriminative regions, erases them, and retrains a classifier to reveal complementary cues that become pseudo-labels for segmentation. However, standard AER also collects irrelevant background features, degrading pseudo-label quality. CREST addresses this with (i) a Constrained Ordinal Region Expansion (CORE) module that encodes the spatial-connectedness prior of polar lows, constraining region expansion from a high-confidence seed, and (ii) a Dynamic Bootstrapping (DB) loss that treats the mining order as a proxy for label reliability, attenuating supervision from noisier, later-mined regions. On Sentinel-1 SAR data, CREST follows the cyclone structure more closely than standard AER, and returns a multi-class rather than binary mask whose classes indicate the reliability assigned to each region. We further evaluate on BUS-UCLM breast ultrasound and PASCAL VOC person data, whose targets satisfy the same connectedness prior but come with the dense masks the SAR data lacks. On both datasets, CREST performs better than the equivalent AER pipeline under identical settings.
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