arXiv:2608.14591eess.SPcs.IT2026-08

6G需将AI深度融入系统,通道基础模型是关键。

6G Native AI and Channel Foundation Models

论文配图:6G Native AI and Channel Foundation Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 以通道为中心构建基础模型,替代传统任务专用AI
  • 三种预训练方式提升跨场景泛化能力,定位与波束预测性能提升
  • 适合研究6G智能通信的工程师和学者

6G系统中人工智能与无线通信的融合被视为核心目标。然而,原生AI的内涵及应嵌入的AI能力仍不明确。本文从系统设计视角出发,主张原生AI应作为无线系统内在组成部分进行协同设计、优化与部署,而非可插拔的后期附加模块。传统任务专用监督模型因依赖标注数据、跨传播条件泛化差、任务间设计碎片化,难以支撑原生AI。为此,我们提出以通道基础模型(CFM)为核心的通道中心范式。定义了CFM范畴,阐明其与特定任务无线AI模型及大语言模型的区别,并总结三类预训练方法:生成式、判别式与混合式。进一步探讨了CFM在物理层处理、无线接入网智能与通感一体化中的应用潜力。初步基于CSI-CLIP的结果表明,在标签有限时,CFM式预训练可有效提升定位与波束预测性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and wireless communications is widely regarded as a core objective of sixth-generation (6G) systems. However, both the meaning of native AI and the type of AI capability that should be embedded into future wireless systems remain open to interpretation. This paper discusses 6G native AI from a system-design perspective and argues that native AI should be co-designed, optimized, and deployed as an intrinsic component of the wireless system rather than as a removable post-deployment add-on. From this perspective, conventional task-specific supervised models are difficult to use as the main technical basis of native AI because they depend heavily on labeled data, generalize poorly across propagation conditions, and require fragmented designs for different channel-related tasks. Motivated by these limitations, we position channel foundation models (CFMs) as a channel-centric foundation-model paradigm for 6G native AI. We define the scope of CFMs, clarify their differences from task-specific wireless AI models and large language models, and summarize three pretraining families: generative, discriminative, and hybrid pretraining. We further discuss how CFMs may support physical-layer processing, radio access network intelligence, and integrated sensing and communications. Preliminary CSI-CLIP-based results are included as bounded evidence that CFM-style pretraining can improve positioning and beam prediction when task-specific labels are limited.

6GAI通道模型基础模型

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