arXiv:2608.14603cs.NIcs.AI2026-08

提出低带宽高鲁棒的多尺度语义通信框架,提升车路协同感知性能。

HMS-SCP: Task-Oriented Multi-Scale Semantic Communication for V2X Cooperative Perception

论文配图:HMS-SCP: Task-Oriented Multi-Scale Semantic Communication for V2X Cooperative Perception
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用多尺度语义重要性预测定位关键感知区域,直接映射为复数符号。
  • 在极端压缩比下仍保持远距离检测准确率,延迟低于16毫秒。
  • 适合高密度城市车联网场景,尤其对安全关键系统有强实用性。

车路协同感知通过车辆与基础设施间的数据交换,突破遮挡限制,弥补盲区。尽管对自动驾驶与行车安全至关重要,现有部署多依赖高效的后融合,而近期兴起的中间融合虽可优化带宽与精度权衡,但在密集城区中累积的带宽需求仍可能超出网络容量,危及安全关键的智能交通系统功能。为此,本文提出层次化多尺度语义感知协同框架(HMS-SCP),一种面向任务的鲁棒、低带宽语义通信方案。该框架利用空间重要性预测器识别各尺度下的任务相关网格单元,并直接将其映射为复数符号,实现联合信源信道编码(JSCC)。不同于以往依赖高维符号投影增强鲁棒性的方法,HMS-SCP通过多尺度结构化语义冗余提升抗信道噪声能力,同时维持极低符号率。实验在模拟数据集OPV2V和真实数据集DAIR-V2X上验证表明,该方法在严重瑞利衰落与极端压缩比条件下有效避免性能崩溃,保持高置信度远场检测能力,且实时延迟低于16毫秒,满足动态车路环境的安全阈值要求。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cooperative perception enables vehicles and infrastructure to exchange sensor data via Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, extending sensing coverage beyond occlusions and mitigating blind spots. While critical for autonomous driving and safety, practical deployments often rely on bandwidth-efficient late fusion. Recently, intermediate fusion has emerged as a promising approach for an optimal bandwidth-accuracy trade-off. However, in dense urban environments, cumulative bandwidth demands can overwhelm network capacity, potentially compromising safety-critical Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) functions. To alleviate these problems, this paper proposes Hierarchical Multi-Scale Semantic-Aware Cooperative Perception (HMS-SCP), a robust noise-resilient and bandwidth-efficient framework for task-oriented semantic communication in cooperative perception. HMS-SCP employs a spatial importance predictor to identify task-relevant grid elements at each scale, which are then directly mapped into complex-valued symbols for Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC). Unlike prior methods that rely on high-dimensional symbol projections for robustness, HMS-SCP exploits structural semantic redundancy across multiple scales to enhance resilience against channel noise, while maintaining an ultra-low symbol rate. This design significantly reduces bandwidth consumption and mitigates network congestion in high-density vehicular environments. Extensive evaluations on the simulated OPV2V and real-world DAIR-V2X datasets demonstrate that HMS-SCP effectively prevents performance collapse under severe Rayleigh fading and extreme compression ratio, maintaining high-confidence far-field detection with a real-time latency of below 16~ms, well within the safety-critical thresholds for dynamic V2X environments.

车路协同语义通信低带宽感知融合

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