针对突发遥感任务，提出三层分布式调度方法，减少对常规任务干扰。
Task-Driven Three-Layer Distributed Scheduling for Emergency Earth Observation in Large Low-Earth-Orbit Constellations
- 基于地理网格构建临时集群，分层协调星间观测任务
- 应急覆盖提升2.8%~17.1%，常规任务损失降低57.9%~87.7%
- 适合大规模低轨遥感星座的实时动态调度场景
大规模低地球轨道（LEO）遥感星座可频繁访问全球目标，但突发请求可能在常规计划执行后抵达。由此产生的动态应急观测调度问题（DEOSP）需在间断地面通信条件下插入紧急任务，且不造成过度常规计划扰动。为此，本文提出任务驱动的三层分布式调度（T3L-DS）方法，将任务需求与传感器覆盖范围映射至统一地理网格，依据观测能力与当前星间链路形成临时集群。为实现集群内协调，引入星载双计划竞标与联合边际评估机制；设计集群间未决需求协调机制以应对冲突。大量实验对比了T3L-DS与集中式模拟退火（SA）、改进选择性时变最优回复过程（A-SeTVBRP）及传统合同网协议（CNP）。T3L-DS在分布式方法中实现最高应急覆盖率，相较A-SeTVBRP和CNP分别平均提升约2.8%和17.1%；其平均相对距离SA约7.1%。在增强冲突负载下，常规覆盖损失较A-SeTVBRP和CNP分别降低约57.9%和87.7%。消融实验验证了所提协调机制的有效性。结果表明，T3L-DS为DEOSP提供了一种高效的分布式解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) Earth-observation (EO) constellations offer frequent access to geographically dispersed ground targets, but emergency requests may arrive after committed routine-plan execution has begun. The resulting dynamic emergency observation scheduling problem (DEOSP) requires urgent tasks to be inserted under intermittent ground contact without excessive routine-plan disruption. To address DEOSP, we propose a task-driven three-layer distributed scheduling (T3L-DS) method, which represents task demand and sensor footprints on a common geographic grid and forms temporary clusters from observation capabilities and current inter-satellite links. For intra-cluster coordination, T3L-DS introduces onboard dual-plan bidding and joint marginal evaluation. It also designs an inter-cluster coordination mechanism for unresolved demand. Extensive computational experiments compare T3L-DS with centralised simulated annealing (SA), an adapted selective time-variant better reply process (A-SeTVBRP), and a conventional contract-net protocol (CNP). T3L-DS achieves the highest emergency coverage among the distributed methods, with average relative improvements of approximately 2.8% and 17.1% over A-SeTVBRP and CNP, respectively. Its average relative gap from SA is approximately 7.1%. Under conflict-enhanced loads, it reduces routine-coverage loss by approximately 57.9% and 87.7% relative to A-SeTVBRP and CNP, respectively. The ablation study confirms the contribution of the proposed coordination enhancements. Overall, the results show that T3L-DS provides an effective distributed approach to DEOSP.
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