无需训练和噪声标签,用几何修正实现快速语音降噪。
Prototype-Rectified Iterative Self-supervised Manifold Denoising under Severe Acoustic Shift

- 基于仿射噪声假设,用文本原型做几何锚点,迭代修正声学扰动。
- 在UrbanSound8K上比零样本基线提升12.94%,超越有特权提示的基线9.41%。
- 解决多音源干扰导致的子空间收缩问题,适合真实复杂场景部署。
语音-文本基础模型在严重噪声下会崩溃,现有适配策略或依赖梯度的测试时适应(TTA),会强化噪声而非信号;或依赖带特权噪声标注的提示调优,无法在推理时使用。本文提出PRISM(原型校正的迭代自监督流形去噪),一种无需训练、无源的测试时适应框架,其理论基础为仿射噪声假设:严重声学噪声会在多模态隐空间引发低秩仿射偏移,超过90%的失真能量集中在前60个主成分内。PRISM通过冻结的文本原型作为几何锚点,从无标签目标批次中估计并逆转该失真,经仿射偏置回归将三步闭式几何修正整合为单一静态投影矩阵。推理时仅需一次矩阵-向量乘法,耗时0.0009毫秒,远快于梯度型TTA且无需额外训练。在UrbanSound8K上,PRISM相较零样本基线提升12.94个百分点,超越采用特权增强噪声提示的基准9.41个百分点,且从未见过这些提示。我们进一步揭示了‘多音源陷阱’——宽带类别下子空间膨胀的原理性失效模式,并通过置信度感知回归(CAR)修复,使最受影响类别恢复最高达8.16个百分点的性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Audio-Text Foundation Models (ATMs) fail catastrophically under severe acoustic noise, yet existing adaptation strategies either rely on gradient-based Test-Time Adaptation (TTA), which reinforces noise rather than signal, or on prompt tuning that requires privileged noise annotations unavailable at inference. We address these failures with PRISM (Prototype-Rectified Iterative Self-supervised Manifold Denoising), a training-free, source-free TTA framework grounded in the Affine Noise Hypothesis: severe acoustic noise induces a low-rank affine shift in the multimodal latent space, with more than 90% of distortion energy confined to the leading 60 principal components. PRISM estimates and reverses this distortion from an unlabeled target batch using frozen text prototypes as geometric anchors via three closed-form geometric corrections compiled into a single static projection matrix by Affine Bias Regression. At inference, adaptation reduces to one matrix-vector multiplication in 0.0009 ms, making it substantially faster than gradient-based TTA while requiring no additional training. On UrbanSound8K, PRISM improves over the zero-shot baseline by 12.94 percentage points and surpasses an oracle-assisted TTA baseline by 9.41 percentage points, despite never observing its privileged augmented noise prompts. We further identify the Polyphonic Trap, a principled failure mode of subspace deflation for broadband classes, and resolve it via Confidence-Aware Regression (CAR), recovering up to 8.16 percentage points for the worst-affected class.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。