通过全局视角变换提升对抗样本迁移性,增强对黑盒模型的攻击效果。
Perspective-Invariant Attack with Enhanced Transferability of Adversarial Examples

- 设计多自由度顶点采样策略,覆盖从平移到投影映射的完整视角变换层级。
- 在多个模型和防御机制下,对抗样本迁移成功率显著优于现有方法。
- 适合研究模型安全、对抗攻击与防御的学者,尤其关注几何鲁棒性问题。
在黑盒场景中,针对替代模型生成的对抗样本常能成功欺骗其他深度神经网络模型,带来严重安全隐患。现有方法依赖局部操作(如块级重排、缩放)提升输入多样性,但自由度有限,忽视了由视角变化自然产生的全局透视变换。本文提出视角不变攻击(PIA),采用多自由度顶点采样策略,系统覆盖从2自由度平移至8自由度投影映射的透视变换层级。通过生成几何多样化的输入扰动,有效缓解对抗扰动对替代模型的过拟合,显著提升迁移能力。进一步提出PIA-Mix,通过维护互补变换池并融合辅助方法,高效增强迁移性能。大量实验验证,在多种深度神经网络架构、先进防御机制及多模态大语言模型上,PIA与PIA-Mix均超越当前最优迁移攻击方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Adversarial examples generated on a surrogate deep neural network (DNN) can often successfully fool other black-box DNN models. This cross-model transferability poses serious security threats to DNNs in practical applications. Input transformation techniques are widely used to enhance adversarial transferability by increasing the diversity of input images. However, existing methods primarily rely on local operations with limited degrees of freedom (DOF), such as block-wise shuffling and resizing, overlooking global perspective transformations that naturally arise from viewpoint changes. In this work, we propose a Perspective-Invariant Attack (PIA), which introduces a multi-DOF vertex sampling strategy that systematically covers the perspective transformation hierarchy from 2-DOF translation to 8-DOF projective mapping. By generating geometrically diverse input variations, PIA effectively reduces overfitting of adversarial perturbations to the surrogate model, thereby improving adversarial transferability. We further propose PIA-Mix, a generic extension that maintains a complementary transformation pool and efficiently combines our perspective transformation with auxiliary methods for improved transferability. Extensive experiments involving various DNN architectures, advanced defense mechanisms, and multimodal large language models (LLMs) demonstrate that PIA and PIA-Mix outperform state-of-the-art transfer-based attacks.
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