arXiv:2608.15440cs.RO2026-08

用神经图网络加速机器人路径规划,速度提升100倍且成功率100%。

Accelerating Mixed Discrete-Continuous Motion Planning via Neural Graphs of Convex Sets

论文配图:Accelerating Mixed Discrete-Continuous Motion Planning via Neural Graphs of Convex Sets
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用图注意力网络预测高概率路径,替代耗时的凸松弛步骤。
  • 通过轻量排序网络按成本优先评估路径,提前终止搜索。
  • 适用于无人机、机械臂和接触式操作,适合实时重规划场景。

碰撞避免导航和接触丰富的操作等运动规划问题可自然建模为耦合离散决策与连续轨迹的优化问题。图的凸集(GCS)框架为此类问题提供了实用解法:将离散决策表示为图节点,连续轨迹编码在连接节点的边中。然而,生成的优化子问题在在线重规划时可能计算代价过高。本文提出一种基于学习的策略以缓解此瓶颈。具体而言,我们用单次前向传播的图注意力网络替代标准GCS中的昂贵凸松弛步骤,预测图中一组高概率候选路径;再通过轻量级排序网络按估计轨迹成本对候选路径排序。按此顺序评估并提前终止搜索,仍能恢复近优运动规划。我们在多种机器人任务中验证该流程,包括3D四旋翼无人机和7自由度机械臂的避障规划,以及平面推移中的接触式规划。在凸与非凸成本和约束设置下,本方法相比标准GCS最高提速两个数量级,同时保持100%成功率,仅牺牲部分最优性。代码与视频演示见https://neural-gcs.github.io/。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Motion planning problems such as collision-free navigation and contact-rich manipulation can be naturally formulated as optimization problems that couple discrete decisions with continuous trajectories. The Graphs of Convex Sets (GCS) framework offers a practical solution to these problems. It represents discrete decisions as nodes of a graph and encodes continuous trajectories in the edges connecting them. However, the resulting optimization subproblems can become computationally prohibitive for online replanning. In this work, we propose a learning-based strategy to mitigate this limitation. Specifically, we replace the costly convex relaxation step required by nominal GCS with a single forward pass through a Graph Attention Network that predicts a set of highly probable candidate paths through the graph. A lightweight ranking network then orders these candidates by their estimated trajectory cost. Evaluating them in this order, we terminate our search early while still recovering a near-optimal motion plan. We validate the resulting pipeline across diverse robotic tasks, including collision-free motion planning for a 3D quadrotor and a 7-DoF manipulator, and planning through contact for planar pushing. Across both convex and non-convex cost and constraint settings, our approach yields up to two orders of magnitude speedup over nominal GCS while maintaining a 100% success rate, at the cost of some suboptimality in the recovered solutions. Code implementations and video demonstrations can be found at https://neural-gcs.github.io/.

运动规划神经图网络实时控制机器人

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