arXiv:2608.16038cs.LGcs.AI2026-08

提出噪声扰动方法,解决图神经网络解释中因掩码导致的尺度漂移问题。

NICE: Scale-Stable Perturbations for Graph Neural Network Explanations via Noise Corruption

论文配图:NICE: Scale-Stable Perturbations for Graph Neural Network Explanations via Noise Corruption
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用随机方向噪声替代逐元素掩码,保持消息平方范数期望不变
  • 设计随机恢复边界,在扰动下平衡预测恢复与解释紧凑性
  • 适用于需要高可信度图解释的科研与工业场景

事后图神经网络解释器通常采用扰动-查询范式,通过分析扰动输入的预测来推断图元素重要性。然而,现有扰动常引入显著分布偏移,影响预测可靠性。本文发现广泛使用的逐元素掩码(EM)会将边信息传递置零,导致消息传播过程中出现确定性尺度收缩,称为尺度漂移,使预测变化混杂了信息破坏与尺度偏差。为此,提出噪声扰动(NC),通过匹配范数的随机方向扰动保留消息平方期望值。基于NC,构建NICE框架,学习在扰动下维持目标预测的随机恢复边界(SRB),兼顾预测恢复与解释紧凑性;并设计边界集成梯度(BIG),沿恢复路径累积每条边对降低恢复风险的贡献,生成边重要性。多个基准测试表明,该方法解释性能更强、模型忠实度更高,且显著缓解了掩码引发的尺度漂移。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Post-hoc Graph Neural Network (GNN) explainers commonly follow a Perturb-Query paradigm, inferring the importance of graph elements based on queried predictions to perturbed inputs. However, such perturbations often introduce substantial distribution shift, undermining the reliability of the queried predictions used to derive explanations. While existing efforts mainly improve perturbed graphs or stabilize model predictions on them, we revisit the perturbation mechanism itself. We show that the widely used Element-wise Masking(EM) suppresses edge-induced messages toward zero, causing deterministic scale contraction that accumulates across message-passing layers, a phenomenon we term Scale Drift. Consequently, prediction changes under EM may conflate information corruption with deviations in propagation scale. As a scale-stable alternative to EM, we introduce Noise Corruption (NC), which perturbs each message through matched-norm random-direction corruption while preserving the expected squared message norm. Building on NC, we propose NICE, a Noise Corruption-based explanation framework, which learns a Stochastic Restoration Boundary (SRB) under NC-induced uncertainty, balancing target-prediction restoration against compactness. Furthermore, Boundary-Integrated Gradient (BIG) converts this boundary into edge attributions by accumulating each edge's contribution to reducing restoration risk along the restoration path. Experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate stronger explanation performance and model faithfulness while confirming that NC substantially reduces the Scale Drift induced by masking.

图神经网络模型解释噪声扰动尺度稳定

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。