用黎曼几何增强脑机接口跨日迁移能力,实现在线实时适配。
Multi-Feature Riemannian Hypergraph for Online Test-Time Adaptation of Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface

- 融合黎曼几何与超图,建模多日脑电数据高阶关系
- 在三个数据集上显著优于现有方法,跨日准确率提升2.1%-5.7%
- 适合临床脑机接口实时系统开发者使用
在临床运动想象脑机接口(MI-BCI)解码中,跨日迁移能力和在线运行仍是两大挑战。超图可通过捕捉高阶样本关系提升迁移性,但现有基于超图的在线情绪识别方法忽略了黎曼几何在脑电迁移学习中的跨日优势。为此,我们提出多特征黎曼超图(MRieHy),一种专为MI-BCI解码中在线测试时自适应设计的框架,利用黎曼几何强化跨日迁移能力。MRieHy首先计算多日训练数据协方差矩阵的黎曼均值,对齐不同日分布;随后基于黎曼距离构建协方差矩阵上的超图,并结合余弦相似度构建深度特征上的第二张超图;二者通过自适应学习权重融合,与标签投影矩阵联合优化。在线测试时,MRieHy维护一个先进先出样本缓冲区,对缓冲数据进行黎曼对齐,并利用学习到的超图进行解码。在私有四类皮层脑电(ECoG)数据集及两个公开四类脑电数据集上的大量实验表明,相较于最先进基线,MRieHy实现了显著性能提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In clinical motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) decoding, cross-day transferability and online operation remain two critical challenges. Hypergraphs can improve transferability by capturing higher-order sample relationships, yet existing hypergraph-based methods for online emotion recognition neglect the cross-day benefits of Riemannian geometry widely adopted in EEG transfer learning. To bridge this gap, we propose the Multi-feature Riemannian Hypergraph (MRieHy), a framework tailored for online test-time adaptation in MI-BCI decoding that leverages Riemannian geometry to strengthen cross-day transferability. MRieHy first computes Riemannian means of covariance matrices from cross-day training data to align multi-day distributions. It then constructs a hypergraph over covariance matrices using Riemannian distance, complemented by a second hypergraph over deep features built with cosine similarity. The two hypergraphs are fused via adaptively learned combination weights, jointly optimized with the label projection matrices. During online testing, MRieHy maintains a first-in-first-out buffer of recent samples, performs Riemannian alignment on the buffered data, and decodes with the learned hypergraph. Extensive experiments on a private four-class ECoG dataset and two public four-class EEG datasets validate that MRieHy achieves notable performance gains over state-of-the-art baselines.
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