arXiv:2608.16146cs.CV2026-08

选对形变先验,才能精准配准医学影像。

The Right Prior for the Right Deformation: Rethinking Continuous Deformable Image Registration

论文配图:The Right Prior for the Right Deformation: Rethinking Continuous Deformable Image Registration
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用不同参数化方式建模形变先验,比较其效果差异。
  • 多尺度分层优化在大形变任务中表现最佳,精度提升显著。
  • 适合处理呼吸运动等大而连贯的形变,临床医生可参考选择方法。

可变形图像配准模型通过参数化和优化隐式编码形变先验。本文通过对比连续注册方法,考察这些隐式先验在不同任务中的影响。经典B-Spline通过控制点结构施加局部性、平滑性和尺度约束,而基于INR的方法则通过神经网络参数化和优化引入不同先验。我们比较了INR-Dense(IDIR)直接用SIREN-based INR建模密集位移场;INR-BSCP(SINR)用INR预测B-Spline控制点;D-BSCP直接优化单尺度B-Spline控制点;以及加入多分辨率粗到精策略的MR-D-BSCP。在跨被试脑部MRI注册(OASIS)和同被试呼气-吸气肺部CT注册(DIR-LAB 4DCT)上的实验显示,在中等但局部复杂的形变任务中(如OASIS),D-BSCP与INR-BSCP性能相当或更优,说明B-Spline参数化已涵盖INR-BSCP的大部分优势。而在形变更大且更连贯的任务中(如DIR-LAB 4DCT),单尺度B-Spline方法表现较差,而INR-Dense与MR-D-BSCP更有效。整体上,MR-D-BSCP在所测试连续参数化中表现最优。结果表明,配准精度高度依赖于先验与目标运动模式的匹配,支持‘先验-形变匹配’作为医学图像配准的设计原则。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deformable image registration models implicitly encode deformation priors through their parametrization and optimization. In this work, we conduct a validation study on continuous registration methods to examine how these implicit priors affect performance across different registration tasks. Classic B-Spline transformations impose locality, smoothness, and scale through their control-point structure, whereas recent INR-based methods impose different priors through neural parameterization and optimization. We compare INR-Dense (IDIR), which directly models a dense displacement field using a SIREN-based INR; INR-BSCP (SINR), which predicts B-Spline control points with an INR; D-BSCP, which directly optimizes single-scale B-Spline control points; and MR-D-BSCP, which adds a multiresolution coarse-to-fine scheme. Experiments on inter-subject brain MR registration (OASIS) and intra-subject exhale-to-inhale lung CT registration (DIR-LAB 4DCT) reveal different behavior across deformation regimes. On OASIS, where deformations are moderate but locally complex, D-BSCP matches or slightly outperforms INR-BSCP, suggesting that the B-Spline parameterization accounts for much of INR-BSCP's effectiveness. On DIR-LAB 4DCT, where respiratory motion is larger and more coherent, single-scale B-Spline methods (D-BSCP and INR-BSCP) are less suitable, while INR-Dense and MR-D-BSCP are more effective. Across both tasks, MR-D-BSCP achieves the best performance among the tested continuous parameterizations. These findings highlight that registration accuracy depends strongly on matching the induced deformation prior to the target motion pattern, and support prior-deformation matching as a practical design principle for medical image registration. Our code will be available at https://github.com/HengjieLiu/RightPriorDIR.

医学图像形变配准先验设计多尺度

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