arXiv:2608.16172cs.RO2026-08

提出可自适应停止与动作块长度的长程操作框架,提升机器人任务成功率。

SparkVLA: Stop-Aware Hierarchical VLA with Adaptive Action Chunking for Long-Horizon Manipulation

论文配图:SparkVLA: Stop-Aware Hierarchical VLA with Adaptive Action Chunking for Long-Horizon Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将停止时机与动作执行长度统一为排名选择,消除阈值调参
  • 在RoboCerebra上达47.12%成功率,比基线高30.57%
  • 适用于多步物理机器人任务,支持高效视觉裁剪与上下文记忆

在分层视觉-语言-动作(VLA)系统中,每个重观测点需同时决定当前子任务何时终止以及动作块应执行多远。这两个决策相互依赖——最优停止点取决于后续计划,而最优执行长度又受子任务边界影响——但现有架构将其孤立处理,单个模块无法克服此不对称性。本文提出SparkVLA,一种停机感知的分层VLA,通过将两个决策统一为单一排序问题解决该矛盾:停止与所有动作前缀长度在统一候选集中竞争评分,系统选择最高分选项,无需阈值调参,仅需离线序数偏好。锚点条件上下文编码模块缓存历史感知的子任务锚点编码、初始状态记忆与目标语义,引导视觉标记裁剪至任务相关区域;停机感知动作前缀选择头在块边界处通过全自注意力对所有候选项评分,兼顾效率。在RoboCerebra上,SparkVLA取得47.12%成功率,优于官方分层基线30.57%,强于最可靠的复现方法26.83%。真实机器人上的多步任务实验进一步验证了其在物理硬件上的性能提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

At every re-observation point in a hierarchical Vision-Language-Action (VLA) system, two interface decisions must be made: when to terminate the current subtask and how far to execute the proposed action chunk. These decisions are mutually dependent---the optimal stopping point depends on what the executor plans to do, while the optimal execution length depends on where the subtask boundary lies---yet existing architectures evaluate them in isolation, an asymmetry neither module can overcome alone. We present SparkVLA, a stop-aware hierarchical VLA that resolves this mutual dependency by formulating both decisions as a single ranking: Stop competes against every action-prefix length in a unified candidate set, and the system selects the highest-scoring option, eliminating threshold tuning and requiring only offline ordinal preferences. An Anchor-Conditioned Context Encoding module caches a history-aware subtask anchor encoding onset-state memory and goal semantics, guiding visual-token pruning toward task-relevant regions; a Stop-Aware Action-Prefix Selection head scores all candidates via full self bnattention at chunk boundaries for efficiency. On RoboCerebra, SparkVLA achieves 47.12% success rate, surpassing the official hierarchical baseline by 30.57% and the strongest reproducible method by 26.83% Real-robot experiments on multi-step tasks further validate these gains on physical hardware.

长程操作分层决策机器人控制VLA

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。