arXiv:2608.16229cs.RO2026-08

用条件扩散模型生成多样化路径,让多个智能体自动避开重复探索。

Planner-Conditioned Diffusion for Coordinated Multi-Agent Exploration

论文配图:Planner-Conditioned Diffusion for Coordinated Multi-Agent Exploration
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 以不同规划器风格数据训练,通过条件输入控制生成多样路径。
  • 在100张地图上实现与顶尖方法相当的成功率,且旅行距离更优、分布更均衡。
  • 适合需要高效协同探索的机器人系统,尤其看重路径多样性与可控性。

协同多智能体探索不仅要求个体高效覆盖,还需在长时程内避免各智能体间重复覆盖。传统方法依赖手工设计协调规则,而端到端学习难以扩展和训练。基于扩散的规划器(如DARE)通过生成长时程轨迹而非单步动作提供新思路,但现有方法仅在有限规划器分布上训练,限制行为多样性与推理时可控性。本文提出规划器条件扩散策略(PCDP),用于图结构多智能体探索。PCDP在多种规划器风格的示范数据上训练,将规划器身份作为显式条件输入,使单一共享模型能学习多模态轨迹分布,并从同一观测生成多样可控的轨迹候选。不直接端到端学习协调,而是复用此多模态单智能体策略,通过局部重排序引入协调机制——邻近智能体共同选择预测重叠最小的轨迹组合。在4智能体仿真设置下,对100张保留地图评估表明,PCDP达到与扩散基线相当的完美成功率,同时提升平均最大智能体行程、总团队行程和智能体不平衡度。关键的是,仅使用重排序的单规划器基线增益微小,说明规划器条件多模态是提升协调的核心。定性仿真与双智能体真实机器人实验进一步验证:多样化长时程轨迹生成可自然产生空间分离,无需任何显式排斥机制。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Coordinated multi-agent exploration requires not only efficient individual coverage but also non-redundant coverage across agents over extended planning horizons. Conventional approaches rely on hand-crafted coordination rules, while end-to-end multi-agent learning methods are difficult to scale and train. Diffusion-based planners such as DARE offer a promising alternative by generating long-horizon trajectories instead of single-step actions, but existing methods are trained on a narrow planner distribution, limiting behavioral diversity and inference-time controllability. We propose a Planner-Conditioned Diffusion Policy (PCDP) for graph-based multi-agent exploration. PCDP is trained on demonstrations from multiple planner styles with planner identity as an explicit conditioning input, enabling a single shared model to learn a multimodal trajectory distribution and generate diverse, controllable trajectory candidates from the same observation. Rather than learning coordination end-to-end, we reuse this multimodal single-agent policy across all agents and introduce coordination through local reranking, in which nearby agents jointly select the trajectory combination with minimal predicted overlap. We evaluate PCDP against classical and diffusion-based baselines on 100 held-out maps in a four-agent simulation setting. PCDP matches the perfect success rate of the diffusion-based baselines while improving mean max-agent travel, total team travel, and agent imbalance. Crucially, reranking alone over a single-planner baseline yields only marginal gains, indicating that planner-conditioned multimodality is the main contributor to improved coordination. Qualitative simulation results and real-robot experiments with two agents further validate that diverse long-horizon trajectory generation produces emergent spatial separation between agents without any explicit repulsion mechanism.

多智能体扩散模型路径规划机器人协同

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