AI检测昏迷患者潜意识，挑战伊斯兰教法对脑死亡的判定标准。
AI, Brain Death Detection, and Islamic Law
- 用伊斯兰法学三原则应对AI给出的意识概率判断
- 提出需警惕神经状态估计替代传统临床死亡判定
- 适合关注AI伦理与宗教法律交叉的学者阅读
能够检测神经损伤患者潜在意识的机器学习系统，给临床医学、人工智能伦理与伊斯兰教法的交汇处带来深刻挑战。我们主张，从二元临床判断转向概率性、时间粒度精细的神经状态估计，应通过伊斯兰法律认识论中的三个基础概念来应对：bayyina（明确证据）、yaqin（知识确定性）以及关于灵魂存在的神学式不可知论。本文综述了当前基于AI的意识检测技术文献，将其映射到伊斯兰脑死亡研究领域，识别关键挑战，并探讨其对人工智能代理决策系统的深远影响。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The deployment of machine learning systems capable of detecting covert consciousness in neurologically injured patients creates a profound challenge at the intersection of clinical medicine, AI ethics, and Islamic jurisprudence. We argue that the shift from binary clinical verdicts to probabilistic, temporally granular neural-state estimates should be addressed through three foundational constructs in Islamic legal epistemology: bayyina (clear evidentiary proof), yaqin (epistemic certainty), and the theologically mandated agnosticism about there (soul). We survey the current technical literature on AI-based consciousness detection, map it onto the landscape of Islamic brain death scholarship, and identifykey challenges. We also discuss its implications for AI surrogate decision systems.
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