提出量子联邦学习中删除用户数据的新方法,高效且准确。
Dynamic Entanglement-Weighted Pruning for Quantum Federated Unlearning in Supply-Chain Risk Prediction

- 用量子纠缠权重与费舍尔信息结合评分,筛选需删除的参数
- 实现接近全量重训练的准确率,耗时仅为1/16
- 适合需要合规删除数据的供应链风险预测场景
在供应链风险预测中,联邦部署变分量子分类器可避免原始数据外泄,但根据GDPR,客户有权要求移除其数据贡献。完全重训练虽正确却低效,且难以定位具体影响参数。本文提出纠缠加权剪枝(EWP),通过参数-转移法估算目标客户端的量子费舍尔信息矩阵对角项,并结合门级纠缠权重为每个可训练参数打分。得分最低的参数被剪枝,可选地对保留客户端进行微调。我们在五家模拟客户上使用四量子比特数据重加载方案和FedAvg训练,基于Qiskit实现完整流程。在三个随机种子下,相比全量重训练、仅微调、随机剪枝、仅费舍尔剪枝和仅纠缠剪枝,EWP在平均后删减准确率上与全重训练无显著差异,遗忘分数更低,耗时约减少16倍。消融实验表明,结合两者信号至关重要,单独使用任一方式均导致准确率显著下降。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Federated deployments of variational quantum classifiers are attractive for cross-organisation risk prediction in supply chains, because raw data never leaves the client, yet data-protection regulations such as the GDPR grant clients a right to request that their contribution be removed from a trained model after the fact. Retraining a federated model from scratch to honour such a request is correct but wasteful, and it is not obvious which quantum circuit parameters actually carry a given client's influence. We introduce Entanglement-Weighted Pruning (EWP), an unlearning procedure for quantum federated learning that scores every trainable circuit parameter with the product of two signals: the diagonal entry of the quantum Fisher information matrix estimated on the target client's data via the parameter-shift rule, and a structural entanglement weight associated with the parameter's gate. Parameters with the lowest scores are pruned, optionally followed by a short fine-tuning pass on the retained clients. We implement the full pipeline in Qiskit for a four-qubit data-re-uploading ansatz trained with FedAvg across five simulated supply-chain-risk clients, and benchmark EWP against full retraining, fine-tuning alone, random pruning, Fisher-only pruning, and entanglement-only pruning, over three random seeds. EWP attains a mean post-unlearning accuracy statistically indistinguishable from the full-retraining oracle, while producing a lower forgetting score and requiring roughly 16 times less wall-clock time. Ablations over pruning threshold, client count, and non-IID strength show that combining the two signals is necessary, as entanglement-only and Fisher-only pruning each substantially degrade accuracy relative to EWP.
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