arXiv:2608.17079cs.LG2026-08

针对经济预测中的分布漂移问题,提出动态制度感知校准方法,提升预测区间的可靠性。

Dynamic Regime-Aware Conformal Calibration for Reliable Economic Forecast Intervals under Multiple Distribution Shifts

论文配图:Dynamic Regime-Aware Conformal Calibration for Reliable Economic Forecast Intervals under Multiple Distribution Shifts
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 融合密度比、局部核与制度加权,在在线框架中实现自适应校准。
  • 在48个真实经济序列上,覆盖率达0.890,最低不低于0.80,优于多数基线。
  • 适合对覆盖率有严格要求的金融与宏观预测场景,尤其适用于通胀波动期。

分位数预测提供无需分布假设的预测区间,但依赖可交换性假设,而经济预测中常因协变量漂移、概念漂移、局部异质性和潜在制度变化导致该假设失效。本文提出动态制度感知共形校准(DRACP),将密度比、局部核与概率制度加权结合,并引入自调优在线显著性控制器,构建统一加权共形校准框架。理论分析显示:在理想权重下具有有限样本有效性;估计权重下的覆盖误差有基于有效样本量的收敛速率;在线控制器具备确定性或后悔保证。在涵盖欧元区及欧盟27国核心通胀、美国宏观经济与能源指标、每日金融数据的48个真实序列上评估,对比六种基线方法。近期在线方法(如FACI、强自适应在线共形预测、共形PID)使用作者实现版本验证。尽管DRACP并非效率最高(强自适应方法平均区间窄20%且得分最优),但其校准最可靠:覆盖率最接近名义0.90(达0.890),所有序列未低于0.80,各预测时距表现最佳,且在2021-2023年通胀激增期表现突出。强自适应方法在20/48序列上覆盖不足,而DRACP仅10例。因此DRACP在可靠性与效率间提供合理权衡,优先保障覆盖率满足标准。消融实验表明,在线控制器和条件尺度归一化贡献最大,权重组件影响较小。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conformal prediction provides distribution-free prediction intervals but relies on exchangeability, an assumption often violated in economic forecasting because of covariate shift, concept drift, local heterogeneity and latent regimes. We propose Dynamic Regime-Aware Conformal Prediction (DRACP), which combines density-ratio, localized kernel and probabilistic regime-aware weighting with a self-tuning online significance controller in a unified weighted conformal calibration framework. We distinguish three theoretical results: finite-sample validity under oracle importance weights, a coverage-gap bound for estimated weights with rates in effective sample size, and deterministic or regret guarantees for the online controller. We evaluate DRACP against six baselines on 48 real forecasting series covering euro-area and EU-27 HICP inflation, US macroeconomic and energy indicators, and daily financial series. Recent online methods (FACI, strongly-adaptive online conformal prediction and conformal PID) were verified against the authors' implementations. DRACP is not the most efficient method: strongly-adaptive online conformal prediction achieves the best interval score and intervals about 20% narrower. Instead, DRACP provides the most reliable calibration, achieving coverage closest to the nominal 0.90 (0.890), never falling below 0.80 on any series, maintaining the best coverage at all forecast horizons, and performing best during the 2021-2023 inflation surge. The strongly-adaptive method undercovers on 20 of 48 series versus 10 for DRACP. DRACP therefore offers a principled trade-off between calibration and efficiency, favoring reliable coverage when prediction intervals must satisfy coverage standards. An ablation study shows that the online controller and conditional-scale normalization provide most of the performance gain, whereas the weighting components make a smaller contribution.

经济预测共形预测分布漂移可靠性

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