arXiv:2608.17760cs.ITcs.AI2026-08中稿 · IEEE Transactions …

用场景特化小模型提升6G信道反馈,省时省力还保隐私。

Learnware for CSI Feedback: Scene-specific Small Models Can Do Big

论文配图:Learnware for CSI Feedback: Scene-specific Small Models Can Do Big
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建场景专属模型库,通过统计特征匹配快速检索最合适模型。
  • 在视距/非视距场景下性能分别提升18.8%和57.7%,本地微调样本减少1000倍。
  • 无需传输原始数据,保护隐私,适合大规模基站快速部署。

智能信道状态信息(CSI)反馈是实现未来6G系统高容量与频谱效率目标的关键,但现有深度学习方案在模型泛化与场景特异性性能间存在权衡。大型神经网络泛化能力强但计算与调优成本高,小型模型在特定环境表现优异,却需为每个基站重复进行耗时的端到端训练。为此,我们提出基于模型仓库的部署框架,由中心化AI数据中心维护场景特异的CSI模型目录。仓库引入Learnware框架,每个模型关联包含网络结构参数(语义部分)和训练数据分布的码本指纹嵌入(统计部分)的规格。基站仅提交本地统计规格即可检索最相关预训练模型,避免原始CSI传输,大幅降低检索延迟与通信开销。我们进一步设计数据驱动的搜索策略,通过码本指纹匹配模型性能,实现超过90%的选型准确率。仿真表明,该方案在视距(LOS)与非视距(NLOS)场景下,相较通用模型分别提升18.8%与57.7%性能,本地微调样本减少最多达1000个,训练轮数减少100轮。该方法显著减少冗余训练,最大化模型复用,支持高效、隐私友好的CSI反馈模型部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Intelligent channel state information (CSI) feedback is essential for realizing the high capacity and spectral efficiency goals of future 6G systems, yet existing deep learning solutions face a trade-off between model generalization and scenario-specific performance. Large neural networks generalize well but incur high computational and tuning costs, while small models excel in particular environments but require repetitive costly end-to-end training for each base station (BS). To address these challenges, we introduce a model repository-based deployment framework in which a centralized AI data center maintains a catalog of scene-specific CSI models. The repository is enhanced with a Learnware-based framework, where each model is associated with a specification including semantic part (network architecture parameters) and statistical part (codeboo-fingerprint embeddings of training-data distributions). A BS submits only its local statistical specifications to retrieve the most relevant pre-trained model, enhancing data privacy by avoiding raw CSI transmission and drastically reducing retrieval latency and communication overhead. We further develop a data-driven search strategy that matches codebook fingerprints to model performance, achieving over 90% selection accuracy. In simulations, our scheme yields 18.8% and 57.7% performance improvements over the General Model in LOS and NLOS scenarios, respectively while reducing local fine-tuning by up to 1000 samples and 100 epochs. This Learnware-based approach minimizes redundant training, maximizes model reuse, and supports rapid,privacy-enhancing deployment of CSI feedback models.

6GCSI反馈模型复用隐私保护

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