arXiv:2608.17874cs.RO2026-08

在边缘设备上实现高精度视觉惯性定位,保持与桌面端一致的轨迹准确度。

Jetson-ORB-SLAM3: Accuracy-Preserving GPU Implementation for Edge Computing Devices

论文配图:Jetson-ORB-SLAM3: Accuracy-Preserving GPU Implementation for Edge Computing Devices
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • GPU处理特征提取,CPU负责建图优化,软硬件分工精准匹配
  • 关键点和描述符匹配率分别达94.7%和99.9%,轨迹误差仅0.10cm
  • 嵌入式平台实现实时位姿估计,适合无人机、机器人等低功耗场景

低功耗边缘平台上的视觉惯性SLAM受限于密集特征提取和回环检测的计算开销。以往的GPU加速版本通过近似ORB检测器牺牲精度以换取速度,改变了特征集进而影响轨迹估计。本文提出针对NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano的ORB-SLAM3高精度GPU实现,其GPU前端算法复现了参考CPU检测器,关键点匹配率达94.7%,描述符比特匹配率达99.9%。通过原生TensorRT使基于CNN的回环检测在嵌入式端可行,单次查询推理时间降至2.2ms(180x加速)。视觉前端由GPU承担,映射与优化后端保留在CPU,实现任务与硬件最优匹配。在EuRoC数据集上,四种配置(GPU/CPU + 边缘/桌面)的平均绝对轨迹误差(SE(3))均值差不超过0.10cm,证明精度未受硬件或移植影响。系统在欧罗巴数据集表现媲美公开基准,在五组TUM-VI室内外序列中达到亚厘米级精度,在九组KITTI序列中相对平移误差低于1%。单目惯性模式下,平均帧率达32FPS(十一组EuRoC序列)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Visual-inertial SLAM on low-power edge platforms is constrained by the cost of dense feature extraction and loop closure. Prior GPU ports of ORB-SLAM trade accuracy for speed by approximating the ORB detector, altering the feature set and therefore the estimated trajectory. We present an accuracy-preserving GPU implementation of ORB-SLAM3 for the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, whose GPU ORB front end reproduces the reference CPU detector algorithmically to 94.7% exact keypoint agreement and 99.9% descriptor bit agreement. This work also makes CNN-based loop closure edge-viable through native TensorRT. The visual front end (feature extraction) is offloaded to the GPU while the mapping and optimization back end is kept on the CPU, matching each computation to the hardware it suits. The accuracy is verified by comparing four configurations: the GPU pipeline and the unmodified CPU reference, each run on both the Jetson Orin Nano and a desktop. On EuRoC dataset, all four agree to within 0.10cm in mean absolute trajectory error (SE(3)), so neither the GPU port nor the change of hardware shifts the estimated trajectory. The GPU-versus-CPU comparison is reproducible on TUM-VI and KITTI datasets, so the acceleration is accuracy-preserving rather than approximate. The proposed implementation is competitive with published ORB-SLAM3 on EuRoC, attains sub-centimeter accuracy on five of the six TUM-VI room sequences, and reaches sub-1% relative translation error on nine of eleven KITTI sequences. For loop closure, the generic ONNX-Runtime CUDA/TensorRT execution providers are unusable with our CosPlace ResNet-50 on the embedded platform, whereas a native libnvinfer FP16 engine reduces per-query inference to 2.2ms, a 180x speedup. Learned place recognition therefore runs concurrently with tracking on a 7W device. In monocular-inertial mode the system sustains 32FPS mean over the eleven EuRoC sequences.

SLAM边缘计算GPU加速位姿估计

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