现有模型卡片无法满足开源大模型的治理需求，需整合政策与法律工具。
Position: Current Model Cards Are Insufficient for Downstream Governance of Open-Weight Foundation Models
- 提出三层次治理框架：模型卡片、使用政策、许可证协同
- 分析500个Hugging Face模型卡片，发现安全信息缺失严重
- 适合关注AI治理、合规开发的研究者与机构参考
开源权重基础模型（OWFMs）的兴起促使人工智能界重新评估下游治理策略。尽管模型卡片已被广泛用作模型仓库中的透明度工具，但现有框架往往未能充分向下游开发者和用户传达OWFMs带来的独特安全挑战。本文分析了托管在Hugging Face上的500个模型卡片，指出当前监管方式在模型传承、对齐溯源及实证行为等方面存在安全缺口。研究认为标准开源许可证（OSLs）不适用于OWFMs，可能削弱使用政策（AUPs）的可执行性。基于此，文章提出将模型卡片、使用政策与许可证演化为集成化的安全工具，构建涵盖信息、规范与法律维度的综合治理框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The growth of open-weight foundation models (OWFMs) has prompted the AI community to re-evaluate strategies for effective downstream governance. Although model cards have been widely adopted as transparency artifacts in model repositories, existing frameworks often fail to adequately inform downstream developers and users about the distinct safety challenges posed by OWFMs. This position paper analyzes 500 model cards hosted on Hugging Face and argues that effective governance of OWFMs requires a multi-layered approach integrating three complementary components: (i) model cards, (ii) acceptable use policies (AUPs), and (iii) licenses. To motivate this claim, we identify a safety gap left by existing regulatory approaches, including model heritage, alignment provenance, and empirically observed behaviors, through an analysis of model cards with safety-critical information. We further argue that standard open-source licenses (OSLs) are not well suited for OWFMs and may weaken the enforceability of AUPs. Building on these observations, we outline directions for evolving model cards, AUPs, and licenses into integrated safety artifacts to enable a more comprehensive governance framework that coherently integrates informational, normative, and legal dimensions.
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