用AI向量刻画人类行为,发现三维度可精准描述跨情境决策模式。
Modeling the Structure of Human Behavior with AI Prompt Vectors
- 通过大模型生成行为类型向量,动态模拟不同人格特质下的决策。
- 仅用风险规避、策略复杂度、信任三维度即可匹配11.9万次真实行为数据。
- 模型能预测未见过的游戏规则下的行为,适用于跨文化行为研究。
我们提出一种通用且易实现的基于AI的方法,用于建模与分析人类行为的结构与复杂性。通过为大型语言模型分配“类型向量”,并引导其在多种情境下做出选择,以观察人类决策行为。例如,类型向量(2, 4)被解释为“你是一个特质如下:利他主义:5分中2分,风险规避:5分中4分”,随后模型被要求据此作出选择。我们调整维度(如利他主义、公平性、信任等)和取值(1-5分),以最小化与人类选择之间的距离。该方法应用于来自35个国家以上、78,657名受试者在10类经典经济博弈中的119,147次决策,发现人类行为可被三个维度良好拟合:风险规避、策略复杂度和信任。个体所需的行为类型聚集成少于十几个群体,且能有效预测在不同规则和可用选项的保留游戏中行为表现。结果表明,跨情境人类行为可由低维、可迁移的表征近似,支持行为科学中普遍而简洁理论的可能性。更广泛地,此建模方法可揭示多种人类行为的内在结构。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We introduce a general, easy-to-implement AI-based method for modeling and analyzing the structure and complexity of human behavior. We assign a large language model a "type vector" and then prompt it to choose actions across settings in which we observe human choices. For instance, the type vector (2, 4) becomes "You are a player characterized by the following profile: Altruism: 2 out of 5, Risk Aversion: 4 out of 5," after which it is prompted to make choices. We vary the dimensions (e.g., Altruism, Fairness, Trust,...) and values (e.g., 1-5) to minimize distance to human choices. Applying the method to 119,147 decisions made by 78,657 subjects from more than 35 countries across 10 classic economic game roles, we find that human behavior can be closely matched using three dimensions: Risk Aversion, Strategic Sophistication, and Trust. Moreover, the types needed to fit individuals across games cluster into fewer than a dozen groups, and can predict behavior in held-out games with different rules and available actions. The results suggest that behavior across diverse settings can be approximated by a low-dimensional, portable representation, supporting the possibility of general yet parsimonious theories across the behavioral sciences. More broadly, this new modeling method can provide insights into the structure of many human behaviors.
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