让自闭症成人参与设计社交机器人，提升成年自闭症人群的社会认知训练效果。
Designing Social Robots for Social-Cognition Training with Autistic Adults
- 通过与5位自闭症成人共设计，明确机器人应作为可配置的练习伙伴。
- 强调真实互动而非舒适感，支持用户自主控制反馈和隐私边界。
- 适合需要独立训练社会认知的成年自闭症人群或相关康复研究者。
社交机器人已被广泛用于自闭症干预，但现有研究多聚焦儿童，极少让自闭症成人参与设计。这导致现有系统与成年自闭症人群在日常生活中面临的真实社交认知挑战（如应对模糊人际情境、管理对话节奏、理解隐含情绪）不匹配。为此，我们组织了一场90分钟的在线焦点小组与共同设计工作坊，邀请5位自闭症成人探讨社交机器人应如何运作、如何交互以及在何种条件下真正有用。通过共享数字白板的结构化协作与开放式讨论，结合反思性主题分析，提炼出七个核心设计要求：机器人应作为支架而非替代品，优先真实性而非舒适度，提供个性化且用户可控的反馈，适应情感自我意识缺口，尊重隐私与情境边界，支持真实社交场景的排练，并保持身份、形态与表达方式的可配置性。结果表明，自闭症成人期待的并非伴侣或实时社交助理，而是一个私密、可配置的练习伙伴，长期助力其独立发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Social robots have been widely explored as tools for autism intervention, yet this literature has focused predominantly on children and has rarely involved autistic adults as active contributors to design. This creates a mismatch between existing systems and the social-cognitive challenges autistic adults actually face in everyday life, including navigating ambiguous interpersonal contexts, managing conversational timing, and interpreting implied emotional meaning. To address this gap, we conducted an online focus group and co-design session with five autistic adults to explore what a social robot for social-cognition training should do, how it should interact, and under what conditions it would be genuinely useful. The 90-minute session combined open discussion with structured co-design activities on a shared digital whiteboard, and the resulting verbal and visual data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis yielded seven themes that define core design requirements: the robot should function as a scaffold rather than a substitute, prioritise authenticity over comfort, provide personalised and user-controlled feedback, accommodate emotional self-awareness gaps, respect privacy and contextual boundaries, support rehearsal for real-world social situations, and remain configurable in identity, form, and expression. Together, the findings suggest that autistic adults envision the robot not as a companion or live social assistant, but as a private, configurable rehearsal partner designed to support independence over time.
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