生成式AI将主流认知模式固化为知识基础设施,形成系统性认知压迫。
Epistemic Subordination: Generative AI and the Infrastructure of Knowledge
- 将人类表达压缩为单一概率模型,主导文化成为默认知识框架。
- 少数群体知识未被排除,却在输出中结构化地处于从属地位。
- 需在模型训练层面立法治理,而非仅监管下游应用结果。
生成式AI不仅产生偏见输出,更将多数人的认知方式编码为知识本身的基础设施,我们称之为认知从属。训练过程将人类表达的全部广度压缩进单一概率模型,其统计基线反映主导文化的语言、假设与文化框架。少数派认识论并未被排除,而是存在于训练数据中,却在输出中结构性地被从属。结果并非可审计修正的离散偏见,而是一种嵌入架构的普遍认知状态,影响反歧视法、文化和语言权利、民主观点多元性三个法律领域。现有法律均无法应对此问题,因其仅监管下游决策与应用。若认知从属产生于模型训练阶段,则法律必须在该层级进行规制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative AI does not merely produce biased outputs. It encodes the majority's way of knowing as the default infrastructure of knowledge itself. We call this epistemic subordination. The training process compresses the full breadth of human expression into a single probabilistic model whose statistical baseline reflects the languages, assumptions, and cultural frameworks of the dominant culture. Minority epistemologies are not excluded but absorbed: present in the training data, yet structurally subordinated in the output. The result is not a collection of discrete biases that can be audited and corrected. It is an epistemic condition embedded in the architecture from which all outputs emerge. This unified harm cuts across three legal domains -- anti-discrimination law, cultural and linguistic rights, and democratic viewpoint pluralism -- and each fails to address it for the same structural reason: existing law regulates downstream, at the level of decisions and applications. The remedy must match the site of harm. If epistemic subordination is produced at the level of model training, then law must learn to govern at that level.
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