arXiv:2608.18820cs.AI2026-08

在语义链接不确定时,用逻辑抵抗度优选隐含前提或结论的补全方案。

Pairwise Logical Selection of Enthymeme Completions under Semantic-Link Uncertainty

  • 引入逻辑抵抗度替代二元蕴含判断,量化候选补全的合理性。
  • 在5个任务上准确率提升2.95至30.86个百分点,平局率降低4.57至58.00个百分点。
  • 可追溯每步推理的公式与链接配置,适合需要透明推理的场景。

论证常省略前提或结论,形成隐含推理(enthymeme)。本文研究在两个候选补全中进行成对逻辑选择的方法。现有自然语言方法能识别或生成候选,但不揭示选中的补全如何完成推理;逻辑方法则通常假设公式和背景知识已知。本文将先前神经符号流水线从缺失前提扩展至缺失结论选择,并用逻辑抵抗度替代二元蕴含判断。Top-Link采用单一高置信度语义链接配置下的加权部分最大满足问题(Partial MaxSAT)。本文进一步提出可能世界原子链接形式化(PWAL),固定翻译后的公式,对跨公式的语义链接配置进行边际化处理以计算逻辑抵抗度。在五个任务上评估:ARCT与基于CDED的任务用于缺失前提选择,iDebate与AAE2衍生任务用于缺失结论选择,alphaNLI用于溯因假设选择。相较于Top-Link,PWAL在所有任务上严格准确率提升2.95–30.86个百分点,平局率下降4.57–58.00个百分点;若平局得半分,准确率仍提升0.45–6.04个百分点。同时,PWAL记录每组比较的公式、采样链接配置及抵抗成分,提供可解释的推理轨迹。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Arguments often omit premises or claims, forming enthymemes. We study pairwise logical selection between two candidates for the omitted component. Existing natural language methods can identify or generate candidates but often do not expose how the selected candidate completes the inference, while logic-based approaches usually assume that the required formulae and background knowledge are available. We extend a prior neuro-symbolic pipeline from missing-premise to missing-claim selection and replace binary entailment outcomes with logical-resistance scores. Top-Link uses weighted Partial MaxSAT under a single configuration of highest-confidence semantic links. We then introduce Possible-World Atom-Link Formalization (PWAL), which keeps translated formulae fixed and marginalizes logical resistance over alternative cross-formula semantic-link configurations. We evaluate PWAL on five tasks: ARCT and a CDED-derived task for missing-premise selection, iDebate- and AAE2-derived tasks for missing-claim selection, and alphaNLI for abductive hypothesis selection. Relative to Top-Link, PWAL raises strict accuracy by 2.95-30.86 percentage points and reduces tie rates by 4.57-58.00 percentage points on all five tasks. When ties receive half credit, accuracy still increases by 0.45-6.04 percentage points. PWAL also records the translated formulae, sampled link configurations, and resistance components for every comparison, providing a transparent trace of each score.

逻辑推理隐含推理可解释性神经符号

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