用推理补全用户意图,让搜索更懂你的购物习惯。
Think-to-Personalize: Unifying Reasoning and Retrieval for User-Centric Personalized Dense Retrieval

- 通过分析用户购买历史,主动推断隐藏需求并生成增强查询
- 在真实电商场景中提升订单量0.46%,优于现有方法
- 适合做个性化推荐与搜索的工程师和研究者
密集检索已成为本地生活类电商搜索的核心技术,将查询与商品编码到语义嵌入空间。尽管近年从BERT模型转向大语言模型(LLM),多数方法仍将其视为静态文本编码器,忽视其推理能力。同时,传统密集检索以查询为中心,在电商中面对稀疏模糊查询时,难以弥合用户意图缺口,而依赖隐式嵌入交互的个性化方法也缺乏有效解码用户行为噪声的能力。为此,我们提出思考式个性化框架TTP,将显式的用户中心意图推理与密集检索统一。TTP通过推理用户历史购买序列,显式推断潜在个性化需求,生成意图增强查询,并编码为统一嵌入。设计两阶段训练:(1) 监督微调(SFT)建立冷启动能力;(2) 强化学习(RL)阶段使用组相对策略优化(GRPO)对齐推理过程与检索效用。在自有及公开基准上的实验表明,TTP显著超越当前最优基线。在线A/B测试中,订单量提升0.46%,验证其实际有效性,确立了推理驱动个性化密集检索的新范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Dense retrieval has become a cornerstone of modern local-lifestyle e-commerce search by encoding queries and items into semantic embedding spaces. While recent advancements have transitioned from BERT-based embedding models to Large Language Models (LLMs), most approaches still treat LLMs as static text encoders, neglecting their inherent reasoning capabilities. Furthermore, standard dense retrieval models remain query-centric, which is insufficient in e-commerce scenarios where sparse and ambiguous queries create an intent gap that can only be bridged by the rich context of user history. Meanwhile, existing personalized retrieval methods typically rely on implicit embedding interactions, which lack the reasoning capability to effectively disambiguate user intent from noisy historical behaviors. To address these challenges, we propose Think-to-Personalize (TTP), a novel framework that unifies explicit user-centric intent reasoning with dense retrieval. By reasoning over the user's historical purchase sequence, TTP explicitly deduces latent personalized needs and generates an intent-enhanced query, which is then encoded into a unified dense embedding. Specifically, we design a two-stage training paradigm: (1) a Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) stage that establishes cold-start capabilities; and (2) a Reinforcement Learning (RL) stage that aligns the reasoning process with retrieval utility using Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Extensive experiments on both proprietary and public benchmarks demonstrate that TTP significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. Furthermore, in online A/B tests, it achieved a +0.46% lift in order volume, validating its practical effectiveness and establishing a new paradigm for reasoning-driven personalized dense retrieval.
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