软目标中非最大概率的分配方式影响编码器表征质量
Does Mapping Non-Maximal Probabilities to GMM Components Matter for S-JEPA Encoder Representations?
- 用固定随机映射和均匀分配替代原概率分布进行对比实验
- 原始概率结构在三组独立种子下均优于两种对照方法
- 适合研究自监督学习中不确定性建模机制的学者
S-JEPA 使用软高斯混合模型(GMM)后验代替硬聚类标签以保留不确定性。目前尚不清楚仅概率值是否足够,还是非最大概率分配给具体组件也至关重要。我们通过两种匹配控制进行测试:FIXED-RANDPERM 保留最高概率组件及其值,但对非最大概率值采用每帧固定的重新分配;UNIFORM-TAIL 保留最高概率组件、其概率及总非最大质量,但均匀分配该质量。在三个独立种子下,REAL SOFT 在两个冻结编码器读出任务上均优于两种对照。它能更好恢复原始 GMM 尾部,并在控制当前帧完整频谱的前提下,提升短时间尺度上的光谱动态可访问性。在两次暴露实验中,随着更多帧保留原始映射,两个读出性能均提升。我们还描述性追踪了从在线 GMM 切换后的某一阶段2轨迹。结果表明,软目标中的数值概率结构并不能完全决定学习到的编码器表征,非最大概率分配给哪些 GMM 组件同样重要。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
S-JEPA uses soft Gaussian mixture model (GMM) posteriors instead of hard cluster labels to preserve uncertainty. It remains unclear whether the probability values alone are sufficient, or whether it also matters which GMM components receive the non-maximal probabilities. We test this with two matched controls. FIXED-RANDPERM keeps the top-1 component and probability together with the multiset of non-maximal probability values, but reassigns those non-maximal values using a mapping fixed for each physical frame. UNIFORM-TAIL keeps the top-1 component, its probability, and total non-maximal mass but distributes that mass uniformly. Across three independent seeds, REAL SOFT outperforms both controls on two frozen Encoder readouts. It provides better recovery of the original GMM tail and greater accessibility of spectral dynamics over short time scales after controlling for the complete spectrum of the current frame. In two exposure experiments, both readouts improved overall as more frames retained the original mapping. We also descriptively follow one Phase 2 trajectory after the switch to the online GMM. These results show that the numerical probability structure of the soft target does not fully determine the learned Encoder representation. The mapping of non-maximal probabilities to GMM components also matters.
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