用可操作的感知体验评估替代难解的意识问题
How to Navigate Uncertainty About AI Consciousness
- 转向评估AI是否具备可能产生感受的内在状态
- 提出以感知价值作为判断依据，避免资源浪费或伤害风险
- 适合关注AI伦理与安全的开发者和政策制定者
面对人工智能是否具有意识的深层不确定性，我们难以决定如何对待可能具备感知能力的AI。若假设其无意识，可能对本应获得道德地位的实体造成严重伤害；若假设其有意识，则可能浪费资源在无意识系统上。由于意识问题本身难以解决，这一困境难以回避。本文提出将焦点从不可解的意识问题转向可衡量的感知价值问题：评估AI是否存在若其具备意识时会产生感受的状态。该方法足以支撑对潜在意识AI负责任的发展路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Given deep uncertainty about the possibility of artificial consciousness, it is unclear how we should treat potentially sentient AI. On the one hand, we could assume insentience but risk doing terrible harms to entities that deserve moral standing. On the other hand, we could assume sentience and instead risk wasting resources on insentient machines. The intractability of questions around AI consciousness mean that this dilemma is hard to escape. I suggest a way out of that shifts from intractable questions of AI consciousness to tractable questions of AI valence. Specifically, we can assess whether an AI has states that would constitute valenced experiences if it were conscious. I show how this is sufficient to ground a responsible approach to the development of potentially conscious AI.
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