提出可迁移的图神经网络-变压器双图框架,提升地图匹配精度与跨区域适应性。
SceneGTMM: A Conformal Mapping-based Scene-Aware Transferable GNN-Transformer Dual-Graph Interaction Framework for Map Matching
- 基于共形映射构建轨迹局部坐标系,减少对训练道路网络依赖
- 双图交互结构实现局部拓扑与全局时序特征融合,定位误差达16.5米时准确率超80%
- 结合CRF与注意力可视化,提升结果可解释性,适合自动驾驶路径规划
地图匹配是连接定位数据与高精度路网的关键技术,但面临噪声鲁棒性差、跨区域迁移困难和可解释性不足等问题。针对现有方法在局部-全局融合、动态路网适应及依赖黑箱模型方面的局限,本文提出基于共形映射场景相对策略的可迁移图神经网络-变压器双图交互框架SceneGTMM。1)共形映射场景相对策略:构建以轨迹为中心的局部坐标系,降低对训练路网的依赖,支持跨区域迁移与动态路网更新;2)GNN-Transformer双图交互架构:图神经网络建模道路图以捕捉局部拓扑约束,变压器建模轨迹图以捕获全局时间依赖,跨图注意力实现噪声抑制与语义对齐;3)增强结构化预测的CRF机制:结合变压器的全局上下文与CRF的拓扑转移约束,提升路径连通性与鲁棒性。实验表明,在多源轨迹定位误差为16.5米时,SceneGTMM准确率超过80%,较HMM提升5.3%;在跨城市迁移场景中优于MTrajRec、GraphMM与TMM,且通过注意力与相对坐标可视化增强可解释性。本研究为实时交通感知与自动驾驶路径规划提供了高精度、可迁移的地图匹配新范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Map matching is a key technology connecting positioning data with high precision road networks, but it faces challenges in noise robustness, cross regional transfer, and interpretability. To addr ess the limitations of existing methods in local global fusion, dynamic road network adaptation, and reliance on black box mod els, this paper proposes SceneGTMM, a transferable GNN Transformer dual graph interaction map matching framework based on a conformal mapping based scene relative strategy. 1) Conformal mapping based scene relative strategy: constructs trajectory centric local coordinate systems to reduce dependence on the training road network, supporting cross regional transfer and dynamic road network updates; 2) GNN Transformer dual graph interaction architecture: a GNN modeled road graph captures local topological constraints, while a Transformer modeled trajectory graph captures global temporal dependencies, and cross graph attention achieves noise suppression and semantic alignment; 3) CRF enhanced structured prediction: combines the global context of the Transformer with the topological transition constraints of CRF to improve path connectivity and robustness. Experiments show that SceneGTM achieves over 80% accuracy on multi source trajectories with positioning errors of 16 50 meters, representing a 5.3% improvement over HMM. In cross city transfer scenarios, it outperforms MTrajRec, GraphMM, and TMM, and enhances interpretability through attention and relative coordinate visualization. This study provides a new paradigm for high precision, transferable map matching for real time traffic perception and autonomous driving path planning.
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