arXiv:2608.19535cs.AIcs.CL2026-08中稿 · appear in the Proc…

边端RAG中动态压缩文本,降低能耗延迟且不影响生成质量

From Retrieved Context to Runtime Control: Adaptive Compression for Edge-based RAG

论文配图:From Retrieved Context to Runtime Control: Adaptive Compression for Edge-based RAG
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 根据设备状态和任务特征实时调整文本压缩率
  • 中间压缩可降GPU能耗53.2%、芯片能耗48.2%且质量几乎不变
  • 适合部署在资源受限的边缘设备上的大模型问答系统

检索增强生成(RAG)通过引入外部文本提升语言模型输出质量,但会增加提示长度,导致预填充计算量、键值缓存占用、内存流量、延迟和能耗上升。上下文压缩可通过裁剪检索内容缓解此问题。然而,现有压缩方法通常采用固定预算或离线设定压缩率,忽视了工作负载变化与边端设备的实时状态。在边端SoC上,压缩本身也消耗计算资源,可能抵消生成节省。本文基于NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor平台,使用Llama和Qwen模型、Natural Questions与HotpotQA数据集及LLMLingua-2压缩方法,实测发现:对7B-8B模型,生成阶段占总查询延迟约90%、GPU能耗达91%。研究揭示存在一个适配的压缩区间:适度压缩可减少高达53.2%的GPU能耗和48.2%的SoC能耗,且质量损失可忽略。建议采用基于工作负载特征与边端遥测数据的运行时动态压缩策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves language-model responses by grounding generation in external passages, which comes with overhead: retrieved context lengthens the prompt, increasing prefill work, KV-cache footprint, memory traffic, latency, and energy. Context compression offers a natural remedy by pruning retrieved text before generation. However, state-of-the-art context-compression methods are typically used with a fixed compression budget, or with the rate selected offline and then applied at inference time. This static view ignores both workload variation and the live state of the edge device. On an edge SoC, compression is not free: the compressor itself runs on the same SoC and consumes latency and energy that can offset any generation savings. This paper proposes a vision for telemetry-informed adaptive compression in edge RAG, grounded in experimental evidence. We characterize the compression tradeoff on the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor using Llama and Qwen generators, Natural Questions and HotpotQA datasets, and LLMLingua-2 compression. Our measurements show that generation dominates the RAG budget for larger models, reaching roughly 90% of per-query latency and 91% of GPU energy for 7B-8B generators. Exploring the impact of the compression rate reveals an adaptive operating region: mild compression can miss energy opportunities, and overly aggressive compression can hurt inference quality. Intermediate compression can reduce GPU energy by up to 53.2%, and SoC energy by up to 48.2%, with negligible quality loss. We argue for runtime policies that dynamically manage compression, guided by workload features and edge telemetry.

RAG边端计算压缩优化

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