提出可比的线性基线,实现心脏结构完整重建。
A Strong Linear Baseline for Whole-Heart Cardiac Shape Completion on CT, with an Open Eleven-Structure Statistical Shape Model

- 构建11结构心臟統計形態模型,支持跨來源形態對齊。
- 線性估計器完成缺失結構誤差僅3.717mm,優於深度模型。
- 適用於多源數據整合研究,非臨床應用。
公開的心臟隊列標註不同子集,缺乏共用對應關係,難以整合。現有資源中無一同時包含心房附屬物、肺靜脈與腔靜脈殘端為獨立塊。現有補全基準將深度模型與最小二乘投影比較,而非同一模型所隱含的條件估計器。本文釋出由383例自動標註的CT數據構建的11結構心臟統計形態模型,具備11,571頂點的對應關係。在76例內部保留測試集中,封閉形式條件高斯估計器對1、3、5、9個觀測結構的缺失非腔室結構平均頂點誤差為3.717mm。五次重擬合掩碼條件圖變分自編碼器達5.248mm,最近鄰檢索為8.931mm。成對差異為1.531mm(95%置信區間1.384至1.711),該排序在原始坐標敏感性實驗中亦成立。58例外部手動標註的外部案例中,註冊參考僅足夠評估五個結構,封閉形式估計器再次表現更佳,其平均表面距離、95%豪斯多夫距離及錢弗誤差均更低,兩側心房完成效果優異。在另一公共基準20例中,參考足夠評估四結構中的三結構,相同排序依然成立。四結構無專家參考。釋出模型及其補全算子支援對齊的CT數據的隊列統一研究,非臨床用途。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Public cardiac cohorts annotate different subsets of the heart, so shapes from separate sources cannot be pooled without shared correspondence. Among released cardiac shape resources, none we identified carries the atrial appendage, pulmonary veins, and caval stumps as separate blocks in one mesh. Completion benchmarks also compare deep models against a least-squares projection onto shape modes, not the conditional estimator the same fitted model implies. We release an eleven- structure cardiac computed-tomography (CT) statistical shape model, built from 383 automatically labelled cases in 11 571-vertex correspondence, and compare completion estimators under one frozen internal split and endpoint. On a 76-case internal list held out from fitting, a closed-form conditional-Gaussian estimator reconstructed the missing non-chamber structures at 3.717 mm mean per-vertex error, averaged equally over one, three, five, and nine observed structures. A five-refit mask-conditioned graph variational autoencoder reached 5.248 mm and nearest-neighbour retrieval 8.931 mm. The paired difference was 1.531 mm (95% confidence interval 1.384 to 1.711), and the ordering held in a raw-coordinate sensitivity arm. Expert manual labels exist for 58 external CT cases, but our registered reference is close enough to score only five structures. There the closed-form estimator again had lower average surface distance, 95th-percentile Hausdorff distance, and Chamfer error for both completed atria. On a second public benchmark of 20 cases the reference was close enough for three of four completed structures, and the same ordering held there. Four structures have no expert reference. The released model and its completion operator support cohort-unification research on aligned CT, not clinical use.
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