arXiv:2608.20344cs.CLcs.CY2026-08

优化数字人模拟的个性信息结构,提升模型预测准确率。

Beyond Raw Transcripts: Structured Persona Extraction for LLM-Based Digital Twins

论文配图:Beyond Raw Transcripts: Structured Persona Extraction for LLM-Based Digital Twins
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计基于行为理论的固定结构提取个性信息
  • 自动发现任务适配的结构,准确率提升1.91个百分点
  • 适合需要个性化建模的数字人系统开发者

基于大模型的数字人旨在通过个体过往回应的表示,模拟其在新环境中的行为或对新问题的反应。现有方法通常用问卷转录本或摘要构建该表示。先前研究显示,将长转录本压缩为短摘要不会显著降低预测准确性,表明信息量并非主要瓶颈。本文认为关键限制在于个性信息的组织结构。通过对比无结构摘要与结构化个性表示,我们引入一个基于消费者行为理论的手工设计框架(BDE:背景、决策程序、评估),在同质基准Twin-2K-500上使预测准确率提升1.91个百分点,并在gpt-5.4-mini和Qwen3-8B上验证了鲁棒性。但该固定结构在异构任务中表现不佳,性能与原始转录本无显著差异。为此,我们提出一种自动结构发现管道,让大模型迭代生成并优化任务相关的个性结构与提取提示。在13个多样化子研究的基准上,该方法恢复性能,平均准确率相比原始转录本提升1.91个百分点,消除固定结构带来的显著损失。结果表明,大模型数字人的核心约束不在于信息量,而在于信息结构——且最优结构依赖于具体任务。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LLM-based "digital twins" aim to simulate how an individual would behavein new environments or respond to novel questions, given some representation of that individual's prior responses. A common approach constructs this representation from survey transcripts or summaries responses. Prior work shows that compressing long transcripts into shorter LLM-generated summaries does not significantly reduce predictive accuracy, suggesting that information volume is not the primary bottleneck. In this work, we argue that the key limitation is instead structural:how persona information is organized before being provided to thesimulator model. We study this by comparing unstructured summaries with structured persona representations. First, we introduce a hand-craftedschema (BDE: Background, Decision procedure, Evaluation), grounded in consumer-behavior theory, and show that it improves predictive accuracy over raw transcripts by +1.91 percentage points on a homogeneous benchmark (Twin-2K-500), with similar gains on gpt-5.4-mini and Qwen3-8B as robustness checks. However, this fixed structure does not generalizeacross more heterogeneous tasks, where performance is statistically indistinguishable from the raw transcript baseline. To address this limitation, we propose an automatic structure-discovery pipeline in which an LLM iteratively proposes and refines task-specific persona structures and extraction prompts. On a benchmark of 13 diverse sub-studies, this approach restores performance, improving mean accuracy by +1.91 percentage points over the raw transcript baseline and eliminating significant losses observed with the fixed schema. Overall, our results suggest that the main constraint in LLM-based digital twins is not how much information is provided, but how it is structured -- and that the optimal structure depends on the task.

数字人个性建模结构化信息LLM应用

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