用多个AI代理协同决策联邦学习的通信与资源分配,显著减少边缘设备训练中的能量浪费。
FL-MAESTRO: Multi-Agent LLM Orchestration for Resource-Constrained Federated Learning

- 三类专用LLM代理分别决策通信拓扑、资源分配和更新聚合规则。
- 在非独立同分布的CIFAR-10上,能量浪费从超三分之一降至接近零。
- 无需为不同设备类型建模,可直接处理异构边缘设备。
在联邦学习(FL)中,通信拓扑是运行时变量而非固定设计,因链路和边缘设备在训练过程中频繁掉线。每轮需同时决定通信拓扑、客户端资源分配及本地更新聚合规则。现有基于大语言模型(LLM)的系统仅在初始化阶段或处理单一运行时维度(如客户端选择)。本文提出FL-MAESTRO,一个由三个专业LLM代理组成的多智能体编排器,分别负责三项决策。协调器整合其分析结果,并通过非LLM可行性检查确认后执行。由于利用服务器预测的故障列表,该编排器会排除无法被聚合的客户端,消除经典联邦学习在波动边缘网络中的主要能量浪费源。客户端状态以自然文本形式读取,使同一编排器可适配异构设备类别,无需针对每类设备建立能耗模型。在非独立同分布的CIFAR-10基准上,FL-MAESTRO在精度上媲美最强的能量感知基线,同时将浪费的训练轮次能量从超过三分之一降至接近零。代码已开源:https://github.com/denoslab/FL-MAESTRO。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In Federated Learning (FL), the communication topology is a runtime variable rather than a fixed design choice, since links and edge devices drop in and out during training. Each round, the server must commit three coupled decisions, namely the communication topology, per-client resource allocation, and the aggregation rule for combining local updates. Recent agentic systems have begun bringing large language models (LLM) into FL, but the existing line of work either operates at setup time or handles a single runtime dimension such as client selection. We propose FL-MAESTRO, a multi-agent orchestrator that makes the joint runtime FL decision directly through three specialist LLM agents, one per decision dimension. A coordinator combines their analyses into a single decision, and a non-LLM feasibility check confirms it before the round executes. Because the orchestrator consumes the server's predicted-failure list, it withholds clients whose updates would never be aggregated, which removes the dominant source of wasted round energy in classical FL on volatile edge networks. Because client state is read as natural-text profiles, the same orchestrator extends to heterogeneous device classes without per-class energy models. On a non-IID CIFAR-10 benchmark, FL-MAESTRO matches the accuracy of the strongest energy-aware baseline while cutting wasted round energy from over a third to near zero. Code is available at https://github.com/denoslab/FL-MAESTRO.
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