arXiv:2608.20771cs.AI2026-08

用可信预测提升搜索代理可靠性,减少幻觉和冗余调用。

CAS: Conformalized Agentic Search via Adaptive Retrieval and Policy Weighting

论文配图:CAS: Conformalized Agentic Search via Adaptive Retrieval and Policy Weighting
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 动态调整检索范围,避免关键信息丢失或噪声混入。
  • 通过置信度惩罚低可靠路径,提升推理准确率15%以上。
  • 适合需要高可靠性的问答与多跳检索场景。

搜索代理在强化学习微调中面临严重可靠性危机。启发式Top-K检索常导致关键证据丢失或引入噪声,而渐进式强化学习引发的过度自信则造成幻觉答案与冗余搜索。为构建高可靠性代理,我们引入置信预测(Conformal Prediction, CP),提出可信代理搜索(CAS)框架。该框架在检索与训练两端建立可靠性保障:检索端采用自适应预测集(APS),将统计覆盖转化为动态文档截断,生成大小自适应的预测集;训练端设计自适应置信推断(ACI),动态构建可控覆盖的预测集以量化答案置信度,并将其用于组相对策略优化(GRPO)目标中,惩罚低置信轨迹,确保模型仅从可靠数据学习。在单跳与多跳问答数据集上的实验表明,该框架显著提升推理准确率,同时大幅减少冗余工具调用,建立高效可靠的代理范式。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Search Agents face a severe reliability crisis during reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning. Heuristic Top-K retrieval often causes critical evidence loss or noise inclusion, while over-confidence induced by progressive RL leads to hallucinated answers and redundant searches. To build highly reliable agents, we introduce Conformal Prediction (CP) and propose Conformalized Agentic Search (CAS). This framework establishes reliability guarantees on both the retrieval and training sides: on the retrieval side, an Adaptive Prediction Set (APS), a specific CP realization, translates statistical coverage into dynamic document truncation to construct prediction sets that are adaptive in size; on the training side, Adaptive Conformal Inference (ACI), a dynamic CP algorithm, dynamically constructs prediction sets with controllable coverage to quantify answer confidence, which is then used to penalize low-confidence trajectories within the Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) objective, ensuring the model learns only from reliable ones. Experiments across single-hop and multi-hop QA datasets demonstrate that our framework significantly improves reasoning accuracy while drastically reducing redundant tool invocations, establishing a highly reliable and efficient agent paradigm. Our code is available at https://github.com/S1llyBird/CAS.

搜索代理置信预测强化学习

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